City Of Chicopee Essays - Springfield, , Term Papers

City Of Chicopee A man by the name of William Pynchon settled in the City of Chicopee in 1638. William Pynchon bought the land in 1641 from the Nipmuck Indian tribe. The land was not officially settled until two brothers by the name of Henry, and Japhet Chapin, bought the land from John Pynchon in 1659. The city name derives from the Indian word, Chicopee, and is translated to mean Violent or Raging Waters. The land around Chicopee was mostly farmland for about 150 years, in and around the Connecticut River. The city of Chicopee became an industrial center in the early 1820s, because of the river locations and the peoples ability to build factories and use the rivers for power. The city was one of the states planned industrial communities, with manufactures building mills and housing for the workers. Chicopee requested to break from Springfield in 1844. The state legislature granted Chicopee its own charter in April of 1848. The town prospered until the recession of the 1930s, which slowed production. You can still see the left over factories from this era in the center of Chicopee; some of the old factories have been converted into apartment buildings. The City of Chicopee is also known for one of the worlds largest Polish celebrations. The city has about 75,000 people come for the Kielbasa Festival. The city has not had the festival for a few years because of logistic problems. The City of Chicopee also has the shad run in the fall. The shad run attracts fishermen from all over New England to fish the Chicopee River. The City of Chicopee is also known for Westover Air Force Base, built in the 1940s. The base and all the military personnel provided a large economic surge in the citys economy. The base and its runways are still used today for the 439th Airlift Wing. The 439th Airlift Wing has some of the biggest planes in the world. The 439th operates and maintains the C-5 Galaxy transport plane. The bases runways are very highly maintained, because it is the third landing zone for the Space Shuttle for NASA. They hold an air show every two years, which is the biggest in New England. The City of Chicopee started its own police department in 1859. There were two constables appointed in 1859, with the addition of ten more in 1867. The first chief was appointed in 1867. His named was A.J. Marks. The citys first Marshall was James Barnes who was appointed in 1891 by Mayor Taylor. The office was then changed to Civil Service in 1911 where the title of Chief of Police was formed in 1923. Frank OCallahan succeeded Barnes in 1923 to become the first Chief of Police. He held this position until his retirement in 1940 when Francis Linehan succeeded him. The City of Chicopee is about 25.7 square miles or 15,800 acres in size. The city is bordered by Holyoke to the north, to the east by South Hadley and Granby; the south, by Springfield, and by the west, by the Connecticut River. The citys average height above sea level is about 154 feet. The average temperature in January is about 26.8 degrees Fahrenheit. The average temperature in July is about 74.1 degrees Fahrenheit. The average annual precipitation is 43.9. The city has only 26,920 registered voters. The largest percentage of voters are Democratic, they hold about 57.1% of the vote. The city has no hospitals located within the city limits, but the city has five long term care nursing homes, and one rest home. The city of Chicopee has five distinct villages: Aldenville, Fairview, Willimansett, Chicopee Falls, and Chicopee Center. If you look at the new department patch for the police department it contains five stars across the shield. Those stars represent each one of these distr icts. The City of Chicopee has approximately 56,632 people living within the city limits. There are about 2,475 people per square mile. The labor force of the city is about 26,146, and there are about 25,272 people who are employed; which leaves about 874 people unemployed who live in the City of Chicopee. The total annual payroll in the city is about $612,006,282 dollars, making the average

Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Essays

Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Essays Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Essay Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Essay Christian Cruz 1. Interview at least three people and ask them how you come across to them, (your Presenting Self), then evaluate how you perceive yourself (your Perceived Self) and compare and contrast your Presenting Self to your Perceived Self. The first person I interviewed with thought I came across as being a witty, outgoing, and fun to be around type of person. The second person I interviewed with thought I came across as outgoing, stylish, well-groomed, respectful, and gentleman like. The third person I interviewed with thought I came across as attractive, fun-loving, caring, and ambitious. I would describe myself as being a very well-rounded person. I am very friendly and fun to be around. I would consider myself to be trendy and I am always looking for new ways to better my appearance. I am very witty and always have something smart to say and always have good come backs up. I sometimes can be sarcastic but it is all in good fun. 2. Analyze any speech we have watched in Class. Write a short critique or reaction paper from methods studied. Steve Jobs’ commencement address begins with a great strong opening and grabs the audiences’ attention by making them feel good about themselves. Jobs’ speech was structured with three stories and the audience is able to understand him with his use of simple sentences. Jobs’ also uses great pausing and emphasis to keep the audience’s attention and gives them time to comprehend all that he is sharing with them. Jobs lastly did a wonderful job with his continuous eye contact he has with the audience throughout his speech. 3. Analyze five photographs according to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. Attach the photographs and explain each need. The first photograph I chose is one of a white person and black person holding hands. This photo shows lack of prejudice and being able to accept one another even though you are not of the same color. The second photograph I chose is of a three graduating students. This shows self-achievement and the ability to accomplish your goals if you put your mind to it. The third photograph I chose is one of a family. Family is everything. They are the people that are going to be in your life through the tick and thin and will love you no matter what. The fourth picture I chose is one of the food pyramid. It is very important to have well nutrition to stay healthy and active to live a long and prosperous life. The fifth picture I chose is of a couple having sex. Sex is very important. It is being intimate with your partner and showing love toward one another. It is the way new life is formed and if people did not have sex no one would be here today. 4. Write a short advertisement utilizing Monroe’s Motivated Sequence. Are you craving to get that one guy’s attention and have no clue how to get him to start looking? Well there is good news; you may have him drooling over you with this little secret of mine. The long anticipated release of the fragrance Mesmerize for women will be sure to rattle up his senses and have him mesmerized with your scent. Mesmerize is now available at your local fine fragrance store. 5. Watch the film â€Å"When Harry Met Sally†. Discuss how the film, through the characters, goes through the stages of relationships. How do the characters resolve conflicts? In the film â€Å"When Harry Met Sally† the characters in the film go through many different stages of relationships. The story begins with Harry and Sally leaving college to go to New York. Harry thinks that men and women can not be friends because there is always that urge to have sex with one another. Harry then tries to make a pass on her and she is offended and the end their friendship. 5 years down the line both are in a relationship. Both are content. Another 5 years go by and they have coffee together and talk about their past relationships that have ended. They then decide to be friends again. At a New Years Eve party they bring their best friends to set them up for each other. Their best friends hit it off and later become engaged. Sally finds out that her ex is engaged and is extremely distraught so she invites Harry over and they end up having sex. Over the next three weeks their friendship stays intact until they get into a fight at Jesse and Marie’s wedding dinner. Then that new years Harry spends it alone and Sally wishes that they were together. Harry shows up to a party that Sally was attending and then he confesses his love for her. The characters in the movie have their ups and downs but in the end they get together through it all.

Long-Term Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Long-Term Care - Essay Example s go through all the available information about the medical problem in question, including the treatment options and the consequences, and then consider how these fit with the patient’s preferences for health states and health outcomes (Hibbard, 2003). A study by â€Å"McKinsey & Company† found that employees were more likely to change their behavior and shop for treatment alternatives, but they were frustrated by the lack of information available to help them make these decisions (Agrawal, Ehrbeck, Packard & Mango, 2005). Patients would communicate with others who are experiencing the same condition through online chat rooms and support groups. They may want information about a physician’s bedside manner. Subjectivity is important in health care, as it is in most other intimate personal relationships (Agrawal, Ehrbeck, Packard & Mango, 2005). The growing demand and the desire for more choices have fueled an increase in competition within the field of long-term care, which has created a need for more efficiency and effectiveness. Providers have been forced to enter into the world of public relations, marketing and business, which led to generating a whole industry specialized in health care. It has, at the educational level, led to development of graduate programs in business but with specialty in health administration. All this development happened with the purpose of creating more efficient professionals who could deal with current trends in health care and stay one step ahead in competition (Study Notes, n.d., pp. 1-2). Consumers’ involvement in their care has created a transcendental effect at many levels and it will continue to impact the health care industry. The trend started with the baby boomers (those born from 1946 to 1964) lifting the expectations and putting considerable pressure on those who provide the services (Study Notes, n.d., p. 2). The demand for services will continue rather than drop off not only because the baby boomers are creating

English Hmework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

English Hmework - Essay Example However, she does not state what a role model is, but we can suggest that a role model might not have a hero’s characteristics. Based on Singer’s views, role models are close to us, and they need to learn something from the heroes. (COLL) In addition, Singer believes we do not have as many heroes today as in the past. Nowadays, heroes are difficult to find. On the other hand, it is not hard to have a role model. Reading ‘Heroes and Role Models’ made me to reflect on my life and thought that my father had helped me grow as an individual. Father is the best example of what a hard worker is. (COLL#2) He told me that he started his business when he was 18 years. He took this step because his family was poor at that time, and he wanted to make life much better by working hard. He did what he thought would help him make money. He worked harder than others as a result his outcome was better. Furthermore, he has had many different jobs. Sometimes he did many jobs o n the same day. For example, in the morning he could go to his company that manufactured boxes and then dealt with the daily routine afterwards. After completing his work, he could go selling a box lunch on the roadside. (PART) During the afternoon, he could send goods. Moreover, he looked for a part-time job that he could do after dinner, in order to make more income. Because of the hard work, father’s family financial situation became much better than before. I have emulated my father by working hard. He worked hard, in order to provide for us. I have made some tremendous improvements in class in the past three semesters. In this semester, I am taking 21 units and I expect to do well by working hard. The fact that I am not a smart girl makes hard work very important. Staying at school to study is my priority because of the conducive learning environment. Making it to a top university will be a dream come true. Hard work is the

Landlord and Tenant Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Landlord and Tenant Law - Essay Example In case the landlord opposes the request for renewal, then termination of such a tenancy must be done as is prescribed by the Act failure to which has negative consequences especially on the landlord (Freedman, Shapiro & Steele 2006). This paper discusses the remedies of addressing Spotted Dice Limited which has defaulted in the service charges and rent. It also outlines practicalities of exercising break clause in a lease as well as the procedure of ensuring a lease does not get a statutory protection. This is the first part of question one, which involves explaining the remedies to be taken in addressing the issue of forfeiture by Spotted Dice Limited. The FRI basis on which Spotted Dice Limited was granted the lease in Lansbury Towers is an abbreviation for Full Repairing and Insuring. FRI basis protects and relieves a landlord from incurring the costs of repairs and insurance and it is effected from the onset of a business tenancy. It therefore means that Spotted Dice Limited being granted the tenancy of the first floor of the Lansbury Towers is liable for all the costs of repair and insurance. This should be effective for the entire period of ten years the tenancy is granted. After failing to fulfill these obligations in the sixth year of lease, Spotted Dice Limited has breached the agreement made at the time of leasing. There are therefore two remedies to address the situation, which are possession claim remedy and damages for the breach of covenant remedy (City Law School 2014). Possession claim remedy is usually taken to regain the possession of the leased premise. Because Spotted Dice Limited has failed to remit this quarter’s rent, repossession of the premise allows for leasing to a new tenant. Similarly, damage for breach of covenant remedy applies where agreements in a contract have not been honoured. From the initial agreement, Spotted

Business Ethics In The Context Of Globalisation Commerce Essay

Business Ethics In The Context Of Globalisation Commerce Essay The following document aims at studying Business Ethics in the context of Globalization. In order to do so, let us start with the definitions of the two most important words in the title: 1. Business Ethics Business ethics is the study of business situations, activities, and decisions where issues of right and wrong are addressed. It is worth stressing that by right and wrong we mean morally right and wrong as opposed to, for example, commercially, strategically, or financially right or wrong. Moreover, by business ethics, we do not mean only commercial businesses, but also government organizations, pressure groups, not-for-profit businesses, charities, and other organizations. For example, questions of how to manage employees fairly, or what constitutes deception in advertising, are equally as important for organizations such as CRY, the University of Mumbai, or the Bhartiya Janata Party as they are for Satyam, PG, or Infosys. However, given the high profile of ethical issues in relation to commercial businesses, it is these types of businesses that are predominantly focussed on in general. Business ethics and the law Having defined business ethics in terms of issues of right and wrong, one might quite naturally question whether this is in any way distinct from the law. Surely, the law is also about issues of right and wrong? This is true, and there is indeed considerable overlap between ethics and the law. In fact, the law is essentially an institutionalization or codification of ethics into specific social rules, regulations, and proscriptions. Nevertheless, the two are not equivalent. Perhaps the best way of thinking about ethics and the law is in terms of two intersecting domains (see Figure). The law might be said to be a definition of the minimum acceptable standards of behaviour. However, many morally contestable issues, whether in business or elsewhere, are not explicitly covered by the law. In one sense then, business ethics can be said to begin where the law ends. Business ethics is primarily concerned with those issues not covered by the law, or where there is no definite consensus on whether something is right or wrong. Discussion about the ethics of particular business practices may eventually lead to legislation once some kind of consensus is reached, but for most of the issues of interest to business ethics, the law typically does not currently provide us with guidance. 2. GLOBALIZATION Globalization is the progressive eroding of the relevance of territorial bases for social, economic and political activities, processes and relations. Globalization is not only a very controversial topic in the public debate; it is also a much contested term in academic discourse. Apart from the fact that mirroring the public debate the camps seems to be divided into supporters and critics, there is growing concern about whether globalization is a fact at all. So, for example, some argue that there is nothing like a global economy, because roughly 90 per cent of world trade only takes place either within or between the three economic blocks of the EU, North America, and East Asia, leaving out all other major parts of the globe (Chortarea and Pelagidis 2004; World Trade Organization 2004). Obviously, we have to examine the globalization buzzword more carefully and to develop a more precise definition if we want to understand its character and its implication for business ethics. Scholte (2000) says if we want to get a grasp on the decisive features of globalization, he suggests we can start by looking at the way social connections traditionally took place. These connections, be it personal relations to family members or friends, or economic relations such as shopping or working, took place within a certain territory. People had their family and friends in a certain village, they had their work and business relations within a certain town or even country. Social interaction traditionally needed a certain geographical space to take place. However, this link between social connections and a certain territory has been continuously weakened, with two main developments in the last few decades being particularly important. The first development is technological in nature. Modern communication technology, from the telephone, to radio and television, and now the internet, open up the possibility of connecting and interacting with people despite the fact that there are large geographical distances between them. Furthermore, the rapid development of global transportation technologies allows people to easily connect with other people all over the globe. While Marco Polo had to travel many months to finally arrive in China, people today can step on a plane and, after a passable meal and a short sleep, arrive some time later on the other side of the globe. Territorial distances play a less and less important role today. The people we do business with, or that we make friends with, no longer necessarily have to be in the same place as we are. The second development is political in nature. Territorial borders have been the main obstacles to worldwide connections between people. Only 20 years ago, it was still largely impossible to enter the countries in the eastern bloc without lengthy visa procedures, and even then, interactions between people from the two sides were very limited. With the fall of the iron curtain, and substantial liberalization efforts elsewhere (for instance within the EU), national borders have been eroded and, in many cases, have even been abolished. These two developments mainly account for the massive proliferation and spread territorial connections. These connections may not always necessarily have a global spread in the literal sense of worldwide spread. The new thing though about these connections is that they no longer need a geographical territory to take place and they are not restricted by territorial distances and borders any more. Relevance of globalization for business ethics Globalization as defined in terms of the deterritorialization of economic activities is particularly relevant for business ethics, and this is evident in three main areas culture, law, and accountability. 1. CULTURAL ISSUES As business becomes less fixed territorially, so corporations increasingly engage in overseas markets, suddenly finding themselves confronted with new and diverse, sometimes even contradicting ethical demands. Moral values, which were taken for granted in the home market, may get questioned as soon as corporations enter foreign markets. For example, attitudes to racial and gender diversity in Europe may differ significantly to those in Middle Eastern countries. Similarly, Chinese people might regard it as more unethical to sack employees in times of economic downturns than would be typical in Europe. Again, whilst Europeans tend to regard child labour as strictly unethical, some Asian countries might have a more moderate approach. Consider the case of Playboy, the US adult magazine, which had to suspend its Indonesian edition and vacate the company premises in 2006 in the wake of violent protests by Islamic demonstrators even though the Indonesian edition was a toned down version th at did not show nudity. The reason why there is a potential for such problems is that whilst globalization results in the deterritorialization of some processes and activities, in many cases there is still a close connection between the local culture, including moral values, and a certain geographical region. For example, Europeans largely disapprove of capital punishment, whilst many Americans appear to regard it as morally acceptable. Women can freely sunbathe topless on most European beaches, yet in some states of America they can get fined for doing so and in Pakistan would be expected to cover up much more. This is one of the contradictions of globalization: on the one hand globalization makes regional difference less important since it brings regions together and encourages a more uniform global culture. On the other hand, in eroding the divisions of geographical distances, globalization reveals economic, political, and cultural differences and confronts people with them. It has been said that countries exhibit very different views on the makeup of business ethics. These differences are regarded as based largely in cultural diversity. For example, Japan is considered to have an entirely different set of guidelines than the United States because the cultures of these two countries come from entirely different origins. However, if business ethics are based only in culture then businesses global interactions should instigate much more conflict than currently exists. The basic cultures of Japan and the United States have very little common ground, therefore their views on business ethics would come from entirely opposite directions. Compromising a cultures moral values can be considered extremely difficult; it is much more likely that those same values would try to be imposed upon the other party. With each culture imposing its values on the other, the result would be adamant conflict. However, the rapid growth of global business paints this picture of co nflict as false. Businesses can only expand quickly in global markets by being empathic to the needs, perspectives, and accepted procedures of their foreign counterparts and partners. Therefore, business ethics is not entirely based on the culture from which it is derived. It is based more on a basic human moral understanding that transcends international boundaries. Up to present, ethics have evolved through isolated pockets due to the limited scope of global communications. Todays close communication and cooperation of companies worldwide will have an evening out effect. Business ethics will eventually drive toward one general definition. What exactly constitutes that definition is yet to be determined. The certainty is that the definition will be fluid in nature and change as new principles are accepted and implemented. To know where we are headed we must understand how ethical business practices evolved. Although business ethics is a relatively new study the concept has been aro und since commerce began. For instance, a blacksmith earned his reputation by treating his employees well and his customers fairly. As his reputation grew so did the size of his business. While this is a simplistic example it is meant to show that the concept of fair business practices has existed and contributed to the success of enterprises long before business ethics became an established study. Prior to todays multiple innovations in worldwide communications, business morals in each separate geographical area evolved on their own. Without much influence from the outside world, ethical behaviour was influenced by what was important to the society. What was significant to the society created expectations of fair business practices that have carried through the years? What do societies consider important? Culture and ethics are interrelated and intertwined in such a way that it makes it difficult to know which factor guiding / motivating the behaviour is arising from a given situation. Is it the cultural vision of his/her ethics or is it the ethical vision of his/her culture that guides someone to do or not do certain things. Trompenaars survey questioning peoples reaction to a given situation shows that cultures with more emphasis on human relationships and loyalty (particularists) scored lower than those that emphasized obeying rules (Universalists).    The situation: youre riding in a car driven by a close friend, whos driving at least 35 mph in a 20 mph zone. He hits someone. No witnesses. His lawyer says if you testify under oath that your friend was driving at 20 miles per hour, it might save him from serious consequences. What right has your friend to expect you to protect him?   Lying was more prominent in cultures stressing human relationships, whereas it was less prevalent in cultures stressing rules. Telling the truth is an ethical value that appears in this context. One could say, people in cultures emphasizing human relationships would most likely lie to protect the relationship; whereas, people in cultures putting a greater value on rules would lie less in order to abide by the rule. Adler differentiates between cultures that are universally oriented (all rules apply to everyone) and particularly oriented the nature of the relationship determines how someone will act in a particular situation. When it comes to the actual experience of the individual in question it is not certain if that person is motivated by cultural influences and/or ethical implications of his/her act and/or decision. Paul Ricoeur suggests three positions in ethical development: 1) the self 2) relations with others, 3) institutional. Through this process of moral integration, the se lf eventually becomes autonomous (auto self- nomous norms which becomes understood as self-regulatory) in its experiences and interactions with others and institutions. The self internalises the cultural norms and values through socialization (being in the world with others).    2. LEGAL ISSUES A second aspect is closely linked to what we said previously about the relation of ethics and law. The more economic transactions lose their connection to a certain regional territory, the more they escape the control of the respective national governments. The power of a government has traditionally been confined to a certain territory, for example: French laws are only binding on French territory, UK laws on UK territory, and so on. As soon as a company leaves its home territory and moves part of its production chain to, for example, a third world country, the legal framework becomes very different. Consequently, managers can no longer simply rely on the legal framework when deciding on the right or wrong of certain business practices. If, as we said earlier, business ethics largely begins where the law ends, then deterritorialization increases the demand for business ethics because deterritorialized economic activities are beyond the control of national (territorial) governments. For example, global financial markets are beyond the control of any national government, and the constant struggle of governments against issues such as child pornography on the internet shows the enormous difficulties in enforcing national laws in deterritorialized spaces.   A behavior may be perceived as ethical to one person or group but might not be perceived as ethical by another. Further complicating this dichotomy of behavior, laws may have been legislated, effectively stating the governments position, and presumably the majority opinion, on the behavior. As a result, in todays diverse business environment, one must consider that law and ethics are not necessarily the same thing. Though law often embodies ethical principles, law and ethics are far from co-extensive. The law does not prohibit many acts that would be widely condemned as unethical. And the contrary is true as well. The law also prohibits acts that some groups would perceive as ethical. For example lying or betraying the confidence of a friend is not illegal, but most people would consider it unethical. Yet, speeding is illegal, but many people do not have an ethical conflict with exceeding the speed limit. Law is more than simply codifying ethical norms. Establishing a set of ethi cal guidelines for detecting, resolving, and forestalling ethical breaches often prevents a company from getting into subsequent legal conflicts. Having demonstrated a more positive approach to the problem may also ensure that punishment for legal violations will be less severe. Some activities and beliefs may be legal, but not perceived as ethical. Marriott Corporation maintains very comprehensive ethics standards to which their employees must abide. Their Corporate Dress Code is an example. Several years ago, the orientation program at Marriott Corporate Headquarters included a presentation on what was and was not considered acceptable appearance in the company. Some requirements included: Women could not wear skirts any shorter than 4 inches above the knee. Women could show no bare leg. Either long pants or hose were required at all times. Womens shoulders could not be exposed. Mens hair could not reach their collar, except for religious reasons. Men could not wear earrings. Although these rules were part of company policy, there is nothing illegal about any one of these items. However, in the Marriott Corporate culture, each was considered unethical. Another example is the manufacturing practices of Nike, one of the largest manufacturers of athletics sportswear in the world. Nike produces the majority of its goods in South East Asia. Despite the profits of the Nike organization, its foreign workers are paid substandard wages and work long hours in appalling conditions. In 1996, the entry-level wage at one of these factories was $2.20 a day. Labour groups estimate that a liveable wage in Indonesia is about $4.25 a day. Compare this with the pay of one of Nikes celebrity promoters, Michael Jordan, who gets $20 million a year to promote Nike sneakers. Jordans compensation alone is more than the annual income of 20,000 workers who make Nike shoes. Nikes manufacturing practices are not illegal. There is nothing that says a company cannot take its manufacturing operations outside the United States. And as long as the company is meeting the minimum wage standards of the host country, there is nothing illegal about paying low wages. However, most Americans would look at these practices as unethical, especially considering the profits of Nike and their spending on celebrity promoters. Clearly, there is a relationship between law and ethics, and this relationship is important in management. Managers must evaluate not only what is legal, but what they, their employees, and society consider ethical as well. Important here is that companies must also consider what behaviours their customers will and will not accept. The news is full of stories regarding the ethical issues with which companies are being confronted, such as the practices of Nike, as outlined above. No company wants to be forced to defend itself over ethical issues involving wages, the environment, working issues, or human relations. Managers play a vital role in a companys legal and ethical performance. It is in part their responsibility to ensure that their employees are abiding by Federal, State, and Local laws, as well as any ethical codes established at the company. But most importantly, the managers must provide a positive example to their employees of proper behaviour in light of laws and ethical codes. Certainly, policies and procedures will never be developed to satisfy everyone, but the establishment of Codes of Ethics will at least provide a framework for ethical behavior, and allow customers to evaluate the type of company with whom they are doing business. With this knowledge, employees and customers must decide whether or not they are willing and able to conform to these Codes, as well as to the laws that have been enacted. Managers cannot simply limit their decisions to following the law. They must also consider the ethics of their employees and customers. 3. Accountability issues Taking a closer look at global activities, one can easily identify corporations as the dominant actors on the global stage: MNCs own the mass media which influences much of the information and entertainment we are exposed to, they supply global products, they pay peoples salaries, and they pay (directly or indirectly) much of the taxes that keep governments running. Furthermore, one could argue that MNCs are economically as powerful as many governments. For example, the GDP of Denmark is about the same as the turnover of General Motors. However, whereas the Danish government has to be accountable to the Danish people and must face elections on a regular basis, the managers of General Motors are formally accountable only to the relatively small group of people who own shares in the company. The communities in the US, Brazil, or Germany that depend directly on General Motors investment decisions however have next to no influence on the company and, unlike a regional or national governm ent, General Motors is, at least in principle, not accountable to these constituencies. What this means is that the more economic activities get deterritorialized, the less governments can control them, and the less they are open to democratic control of the affected people. Consequently, the call for direct (democratic) accountability of MNCs has become louder during the last years, evidenced for example by the anti-globalization protests that we mentioned before. Put simply, globalization leads to a growing demand for corporate accountability. The corporate community has been shocked to attention by the recent corporate governance meltdowns. The silver lining is that these scandals are resulting in better financial oversight and more focused attention on the ethics of directors, officers, auditors and others. But while promises of increased ethical conduct focus the publics attention, self-scrutiny and accountability are also essential.   Ethics is easier in concept than in application. Codes of ethics are not new. Nor are efforts to encourage ethical corporate practices. In 1991, Congress enacted the U.S. Federal Sentencing Guidelines. These guidelines had a major impact on corporate America and were an effort to positively induce companies to prevent unethical activity by providing mitigation of some punishment and reductions of fines for companies that proactively made a good faith effort to take steps to prevent unethical activity. Congress used the stick and the carrot approach to provide an incentive for companies to create or modify their ethics programsgood behavior is rewarded when companies involve themselves in crime controlling actions. Elements of an effective compliance program under the Guidelines include a code of conduct or ethics; oversight by high-level personnel; due care when delegating authority; effective training and communication; auditing and monitoring and reporting mechanisms; enforcement o f disciplinary mechanisms; and appropriate response after detection.  Five years later, a court case provided another wake-up call. In 1996, a court in Delaware held a board of directors responsible for the unethical and illegal actions of the organization and its employees. This case caught the attention of corporations and led some companies to institute compliance and reporting structures.   Of course, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has gotten the most attention recently. Sarbanes-Oxley was enacted in response to the conduct of corporations such as World Com, Enron and Arthur Andersen. While Sarbanes-Oxley largely affects only publicly traded companies, it has led to a trickledown effect. Its requirement that all publicly held corporations disclose whether or not they have a code of ethics for its Chief Financial Officers have led privately held companies and non-profit corporations to enact codes of ethics. The trend is that more companies are adopting and using codes of ethics.   There are several benefits of a formal ethics policy. As described above, there are legal benefits in the form of reduced fines and penalties. However, an ethical working environment is another important benefit. A formal ethics policy can lead to decreased job dissatisfaction, decreased pressure to violate ethical standards, improved communication, increased trust in management, greater consistency in decision-making, and fewer violations of law and regulation, just to name a few. Pragmatically, it is often true that good ethics equals good business. Consumers, employees, and vendors lose trust in companies which engage in unethical activities. Companies that promote trust, honesty, integrity, fairness and respect generally have an easier time attracting quality employees.   Less observable, a strong ethical environment can encourage conversations about ethical issues, questions, and gray areas. It can also provide a comfortable environment for employees to seek guidance and raise concerns. When given the opportunity to communicate expectations and requirements, a company can proactively influence its employees and officers to avoid unethical conduct and violations of law. A formal ethics policy reminds employees and officers what the company deems the right thing to do. IMPLEMENTING A CODE OF ETHICS Groucho Marx once said that The secret of life is honesty and fair dealing. If you can fake that, youve got it made. Ethics is a lot easier in theory, but ethical conduct cannot be faked. Implementing a code of ethics policy takes careful study, time and training. A code of ethics can apply not just to individualsboard members, officers and employeesbut also to aspects of the companys businessethical investing and pension fund management.   In adopting a code of ethics, a business must decide what type of code to adopt. Does it want a simple statement of aspirational values or does it want a complex manual that describes the companys rules and regulations and which provides detailed guidance about what conduct is not acceptable? What are the companys core values? How does the company want directors, officers and employees to reflect those values?   Codes of ethics are usually broken down into two types (or a hybrid of the two): values-based code of ethics and compliance-based code of ethics. A corporate values statement is an aspirational document which is based on underlying values or principles. It is not easy to enforce. A compliance-based code of ethics is a compliance document that emphasizes rules and written procedures, and, therefore, is easier to enforce. A hybrid consists of a statement of organizational values and how those values are to be applied. For example, because communications should reflect the ethics of the company, a code of ethics that has honesty as a core value may require that internal and external communications be truthful and respectful. The company may also require that product or service claims must be honest, straightforward and defensible. However, as with any company policy, it is important that this new code be reviewed by legal counsel before being formally incorporated into the companys poli cy.   Once the code of ethics policy is adopted, it must be communicated, enforced and effectively monitored. There is a natural reluctance to talk about ethics and values; however, a company can integrate discussions of ethics into decision-making, and encourage employees to raise ethical concerns. This can be done through training, providing whistleblower procedures, monitoring and rewards. Almost every company will have employees that made the correct decision in spite of the difficulty in doing so. Communicating these stories is one way to make ethics more meaningful. Employees should understand the companys core values and why they are core values. The company should ensure that its decision-making process factors in the companys code of ethics.   The ethics policy should also be communicated to board members and employees before they join the company; if the companys products and services and the kinds of decisions needed to be made and actions to be taken are communicated, the potential employee or board member can decide whether employment with the company is consistent with their values. CONCLUSION In conclusion we would like to depict the effect that Globalization will have on the ethical behavior and understanding of various stakeholders in a global business environment. STAKEHOLDERS ETHICAL IMPACTS OF GLOBALIZATION Shareholders Globalization provides potential for greater profitability, but also greater risks. Lack of regulation of global capital markets, leading to additional financial risks and instability. Employees Corporations outsource production to developing countries in order to reduce costs in global marketplace this provides jobs but also raises the potential for exploitation of employees through poor working conditions. Consumers Global products provide social benefits to consumers across the globe but may also meet protests about cultural imperialism and westernization. Globalization can bring cheaper prices to customers, but vulnerable consumers in developing countries may also face the possibility of exploitation by MNCs. Suppliers and Competitors Suppliers in developing countries face regulation from MNCs through supply chain management. Small scale indigenous competitors exposed to powerful global players. Civil Society (Pressure groups, NGOs, etc.) A global business activity brings the company in direct interaction to local communities with possibility for erosion of traditional community life; globally active pressure groups emerge with aim to police the corporation in countries where governments are weak and tolerant. Government and Regulation Globalization weakens governments and increases the corporate regulation for jobs, welfare, maintenance of ethical standards, etc. Globalization also confronts governments with corporations from different cultural expectations about issues such as bribery, corruption, taxation, and philanthropy.

My First and Last hike in Poly Canyon Essay -- Personal Narrative Hiki

My First and Last hike in Poly Canyon I knew it was coming. A couple weeks before, I received an introductory email from my instructor explaining the textbook we needed and providing a link to the class website. I selected the link and navigated curiously around the site, arriving at last at the class itinerary. To my horror, I saw planned on the third class day a â€Å"moderately strenuous hike over steep, rough ground.† Subsequent readings of this statement produced the same result, and so I resigned myself to impending doom. And so it was that I found myself standing on a dirt and gravel road, surrounded by equally sleepy classmates at 7:30 am, Monday morning. We all huddled within our baggy jackets, unconsciously mirroring one another in loose jeans, gray or black t-shirts and scuffed, dusty running shoes. In contrast the instructor appeared wide awake and put together, standing before us in a green sweater, pressed khaki slacks and well-worn yet well-maintained hiking boots. He perkily welcomed us to the threshold of Poly Canyon, and with other preliminary descriptions of the upcoming landscape turned and headed down the long, winding service road. Being so close to the pacific coast- a mere ten or twelve miles- a thick marine layer had rolled in during the night, and the waning summer sun had not yet mustered the heat to dispel it. We moved to the crunch and scrape of rubber sole on loose stone, passing ancient monoliths of serpentine stone that jutted from the mountain on either side. Vague silhouettes of live oaks and yucca plants loomed from the morning mist, and occasionally a hoarse crow would cry out. Above and beside us power lines carried electricity to private homes hidden down the road, occasionally... ...e distant than ever surrounded as I was by other life forms. What, I pondered, was my purpose there? Was I predator or prey, virulent or benevolent, useful or worthless? In nature, the strong and necessary survive and prosper, while the weak and redundant are mercifully removed for the good of the system. I solemnly asked myself which I was, and was relieved when like deer the answer retreated from view, filed away in the archives of my mind for future perusal. Giving Poly Canyon a final glance around, I followed their examples and left that ethereal place to meld once more with the world of Man. I did not see my instructor nor my classmates again that day, and was content to be left alone with my meditations. It was an experience I would not trade, though I will admit that I am never setting foot in Poly Canyon again; once is definitely more than enough. My First and Last hike in Poly Canyon Essay -- Personal Narrative Hiki My First and Last hike in Poly Canyon I knew it was coming. A couple weeks before, I received an introductory email from my instructor explaining the textbook we needed and providing a link to the class website. I selected the link and navigated curiously around the site, arriving at last at the class itinerary. To my horror, I saw planned on the third class day a â€Å"moderately strenuous hike over steep, rough ground.† Subsequent readings of this statement produced the same result, and so I resigned myself to impending doom. And so it was that I found myself standing on a dirt and gravel road, surrounded by equally sleepy classmates at 7:30 am, Monday morning. We all huddled within our baggy jackets, unconsciously mirroring one another in loose jeans, gray or black t-shirts and scuffed, dusty running shoes. In contrast the instructor appeared wide awake and put together, standing before us in a green sweater, pressed khaki slacks and well-worn yet well-maintained hiking boots. He perkily welcomed us to the threshold of Poly Canyon, and with other preliminary descriptions of the upcoming landscape turned and headed down the long, winding service road. Being so close to the pacific coast- a mere ten or twelve miles- a thick marine layer had rolled in during the night, and the waning summer sun had not yet mustered the heat to dispel it. We moved to the crunch and scrape of rubber sole on loose stone, passing ancient monoliths of serpentine stone that jutted from the mountain on either side. Vague silhouettes of live oaks and yucca plants loomed from the morning mist, and occasionally a hoarse crow would cry out. Above and beside us power lines carried electricity to private homes hidden down the road, occasionally... ...e distant than ever surrounded as I was by other life forms. What, I pondered, was my purpose there? Was I predator or prey, virulent or benevolent, useful or worthless? In nature, the strong and necessary survive and prosper, while the weak and redundant are mercifully removed for the good of the system. I solemnly asked myself which I was, and was relieved when like deer the answer retreated from view, filed away in the archives of my mind for future perusal. Giving Poly Canyon a final glance around, I followed their examples and left that ethereal place to meld once more with the world of Man. I did not see my instructor nor my classmates again that day, and was content to be left alone with my meditations. It was an experience I would not trade, though I will admit that I am never setting foot in Poly Canyon again; once is definitely more than enough.

Literal translation Essay

Domestication and foreignization are strategies in translation, regarding the degree to which translators make a text conform to the target culture. Domestication is the strategy of making text closely conform to the culture of the language being translated to, which may involve the loss of information from the source text. Foreignization is the strategy of retaining information from the source text, and involves deliberately breaking the conventions of the target language to preserve its meaning. [1] These strategies have been debated for hundreds of years, but the first person to formulate them in their modern sense was Lawrence Venuti, who introduced them to the field of translation studies in 1995 with his book The Translator’s Invisibility: A History of Translation. [1][2] Venuti’s innovation to the field was his view that the dichotomy between domestication and foreignization was an ideological one; he views foreignization as the ethical choice for translators to make. [1] Theory [edit] In his 1998 book The Scandals of Translation: Towards an Ethics of Difference, Venuti states that â€Å"Domestication and foreignization deal with ‘the question of how much a translation assimilates a foreign text to the translating language and culture, and how much it rather signals the differences of that text'†. According to Lawrence Venuti, every translator should look at the translation process through the prism of culture which refracts the source language cultural norms and it is the translator’s task to convey them, preserving their meaning and their foreignness, to the target-language text. Every step in the translation process—from the selection of foreign texts to the implementation of translation strategies to the editing, reviewing, and reading of translations—is mediated by the diverse cultural values that circulate in the target language. He estimates that the theory and practice of English-language translation has been dominated by submission, by fluent domestication. He strictly criticized the translators who in order to minimize the foreignness of the target text reduce the foreign cultural norms to target-language cultural values. According to Venuti, the domesticating strategy â€Å"violently† erases the cultural values and thus creates a text which as if had been written in the target language and which follows the cultural norms of the target reader. He strongly advocates the foreignization strategy, considering it to be â€Å"an ethnodeviant pressure on [target-language cultural] values to register the linguistic and cultural difference of the foreign text, sending the reader abroad. † Thus an adequate translation would be the one that would highlight the foreignness of the source text and instead of allowing the dominant target culture to assimilate the differences of the source culture, it should rather signal these differences. [3]

Biology Ecosystem an Ecosystem Essay

Biology Ecosystem an Ecosystem Essay Biology: Ecosystem an Ecosystem Essay Ecosystem An ecosystem includes all of the living things (plants, animals and organisms) in a given area, interacting with each other, and also with their non-living environments (weather, earth, sun, soil, climate, atmosphere).In an ecosystem, each organism has its’ own role to play. Usually, biotic members of an ecosystem, together with their abiotic factors depend on each other. This means the absence of one member, or one abiotic factor can affect all parties of the ecosystem. A new organism or physical factor, can distort the natural balance of the interaction and potentially harm or destroy the ecosystem. As ecosystems are defined by the network of interactions among organisms, and between organisms and their environment, they can be of any size but usually encompass specific, limited spaces. Biomes Biomes are very large areas on the earth’s surface, with animals and plants adapting to their environment. Biomes are often defined by abiotic factors such as climate, relief, geology, soils and vegetation. A biome is NOT an ecosystem. If you take a closer look, you will notice that different plants or animals in a biome have similar adaptations that make it possible for them to exist in that area. There are many major biomes on earth. Different Types of Biome:- 1. Desert:-The Sahara Desert is the world’s largest desert, located in North Africa. Very hot and dry with very little rain. 2. Tropical Forests:- Found near the equator in Central and South America, parts of Africa and Asia. Hot, humid with equatorial climate and biggest biodiversity. Almost half of the world’s species (plants and animals) live there. The trees are mostly hardwood. 3. Savannah:- Found in Central Africa (Kenya, Zambia, Tanzania), northern Australia and central South America (Venezuela and Brazil). Hot and dry, mainly grass, scrub and occasional trees. This biome has two distinct seasons - a dry season and a rainy season. During the dry season the vegetation dies and re-appears rapidly during the rainy season. 4. Mediterranean:-Found in Mediterranean Sea, near Cape Town in South Africa and Melbourne in Australia. The climate of this biome is not too hot or cold. 5. Temperate Grasslands:- Mainly found in the Puszta in Hungary, the Veldt in South Africa, the Pampas in Argentina and the Prairies in the USA. Many grass and trees with little large bushes. Climates are temperate continental with mild weather and moderate rainfall. 6. Temperate deciduous Forest:- Found usually across Europe and USA contain trees that lose their leaves. These have a temperate maritime climate, usually with mild and wet weather. 7. Coniferous: Found in Scandinavia, Russia and Canada. Have Evergreen trees, cool climate with moderate rainfall. 8. Mountain:-These areas can be very cold at night and during winter. Trees usually do not grow at higher levels. About 80 per cent of our planet's fresh water originates in the mountains. 9. Tundra:- Surrounds the North and South poles. Extremely cold climate, temperatures often reaching about -50Â °F in the winter, supporting only a few plants and animals. Tundra covers about one-fifth of the Earth's land surface. Food Chains All living things need to feed to get energy to grow, move and reproduce. But what do these living things feed on? Smaller insects feed on green plants, and bigger animals feed on smaller ones and so on. This feeding relationship in an ecosystem is called a food chain. Food

3 Sentences That Cause Confusion

3 Sentences That Cause Confusion 3 Sentences That Cause Confusion 3 Sentences That Cause Confusion By Mark Nichol In each of the following sentences, a word or phrase is an obstacle to comprehension. The discussion and revision that follows each example suggests a path to clarity. 1. Technology companies have a very different mind-set to traditional financial institutions. Comparisons structured as one is in this sentence should employ from rather than to, and note the insertion of the phrase â€Å"that of the† to indicate that the comparison is between mind-sets and not the entities that have the mind-sets: â€Å"Technology companies have a very different mind-set from that of traditional financial institutions.† 2. The agency found that contrary to its claims, World Wide Wickets failed to employ reasonable and appropriate measures to protect data. This sentence has an unclear antecedent: The pronoun its appears to refer to â€Å"the agency,† because no other entity has yet been identified, but it is a reference to the company subsequently mentioned. For clarity, use a specific proper noun (for example, â€Å"World Wide Wickets†) or a specific common noun (for example, â€Å"(the) company†) first, then a pronoun (or, in this case, use a proper noun on first reference and a common noun on second reference, bypassing the need for a pronoun at all): â€Å"The agency found that contrary to the claims of World Wide Wickets, the company failed to employ reasonable and appropriate measures to protect data.† 3. Jones faces criticism of others who oppose his policy positions, as does opponent John Smith and many others. This sentence is ambiguous- it could mean that Smith and many others face the same criticism as Jones, or the phrase â€Å"as does† could apply not to the verb faces but to the verb oppose. (In this case, the latter option applies.) To eliminate possible confusion, chose a clearer word or phrase in place of the nebulous â€Å"as does†: â€Å"Jones faces criticism of others who oppose his policy positions, including opponent John Smith and many others.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Fly, Flew, (has) FlownFlied?75 Idioms and Expressions That Include â€Å"Break†Oppose and Opposed To

Evaluation of Department of Homeland Security Management Research Paper

Evaluation of Department of Homeland Security Management - Research Paper Example It will be noted that the human capital strategic planning is in place to ensure that processes concerning human resource planning such as hiring, pay programs, and retention are undertaken through a more holistic model that provides an integration into the larger strategic plan of any organization for which it works (U.S. Executive Office of the President, 2004). Consequently, it can be said that this inclusion process ensures a more compact human resource planning program. The second component of the agency’s human resource system that can be analyzed is the rate of emphasis that the agency places on internal hiring. Hiring is a very important aspect of all human resource management roles as it sets the tone for the human resource base of an organization to be established. Consequently, the actual structures of the human resource base of an agency, including the weaknesses and strengths of the agency depend largely on the mechanisms that take place during the hiring process. As a part of the homeland security’s human resource management policy, preference is always given to internal employees from lower ranks whose competencies and experience permit for them to occupy vacant positions that exist on top of their hierarchy (U.S. Department of Homeland Security and U.S. Office of Personnel Management, 2004). This does not mean, however, that no room is created for external hiring, but that this is minimized until the time when internal placements have been exhausted. In effect, the most likely position to hire from outside the organization is in very low divisions. Finally, the agency has a locality and special rate supplements in relation to retention that is used as a major human resource planning policy to ensure the retention of a diversified workforce. With a labeling of locality and a special rate, the commonest idea that comes to mind is that this form of rates is different from the generalized rates used by all other governmental agencies a nd institutions (Schwemle, 2004). In the case of homeland security, this provision has been made to ensure a form of motivation that would guarantee that there are employees who would want to put up specialized roles and work with the agency for long, so as to be beneficiaries of the rate. Imperatively, the locality and special rate supplements in relation to retention is an internal mechanism, together with the internal hiring process to ensure that there is an absolute retention among the labor force of the agency. Implications of Human Resource Workforce The three components of human resource planning discussed above come with three major implications, which could all be summed up in a common terminology known as increased productivity. This is because the inclusion of an external agency in hiring ensures fairness and adherence to state principles, which brings about a highly credible hiring process that is devoid of all forms of biases (U.S. Office of Personnel Management, 2003b ). Once this is achieved, productivity can be guaranteed because the issue of putting square pegs in round holes will be done away with, thereby, ensuring that people are placed at positions where they can perform to their utmost best.

Is There a Correlation between Nutritional Habits and Behavior in Assignment

Is There a Correlation between Nutritional Habits and Behavior in Adolescent Girls and Advertisement - Assignment Example In the paper, the adolescent girls will be shown various food advertisements and then given assorted food during meals including the foods that were in the advertisements. The control group will consist of girls who will not be shown the experiment but will also be given food the same as the girls in the experimental group. The threat to validity is that there could be some variables that affect nutritional habits and behavior other then advertisement. However, the threat will be eliminated through the use of the control group. The findings of the experiment will be important in establishing whether there is a strong correlation between nutritional habits and behavior and advertisements. In addition, the qualitative data obtained will reveal some of the reasons for the strong correlation between nutritional habits and behavior and advertisement. Experiments make use of samples that may not reflect upon the true state of things in the population. In this experiment the findings might indicate that alcohol consumption does not affect academic performance whereas in the population the state of things might be different. In addition, it would be cumbersome to establish the level of impact of different forms of advertisement. a) Operationalize the concepts in your research question into an item or items suitable for a questionnaire. Questionnaire Item: Do you believe that food companies are sincere in their commercials about the nutritional benefits of products? b) Include some demographic measures in your questionnaire: The adolescent ages will range from the age of ten to twenty and they will be grouped into 2; one group will be from 10-15 and the other group will be from 15-20. The study will seek to establish the group whose nutritional habits and behavior are influenced by advertisement. c) Decide on a type of experimental design and explain how observations would be made. The research will follow an interpretive approach where data will be collected and analyz ed. The research will also follow and ethnographic approach where the nutritional behavior and habits of both the experiment and control group will be observed over a long period of time. d) Explain how three scientific assumptions are upheld (violated) in your example Errors in experiment are unavoidable therefore the assumption of intentional and unintentional mistake is violated. The subjects might be biased by what they expect to happen therefore the second assumption is violated. The result of the sample might be a true representation of the population therefore the third assumption is not violated. The paper will give examples of how each goal of science can be served by experimental research. The first goal of science is to investigate with the aim of validating or disapproving a theory. Experiments allow researchers to conduct studies aimed at establishing whether a theory is just a postulation or whether the theory is factual. The second goal of science is the discovery of new concepts and ideas that help in understanding of our world better. It is through experiments that scientists have been able to stumble upon new ideas and concepts. The third goal of science is that it should be able to support a claim through evidence. The results of a research act as evidence.