The First Atomic Bomb Of President Harry S. Truman

Walker Response Paper On August 6, 1945, the first atomic bomb that the world had ever seen was dropped onto Hiroshima on orders of President Harry S. Truman. Three days later, a second bomb fell onto Nagasaki. While not all may find the bombs necessary to end the war with Japan, Truman had his own reasons for causing such devastation. He wanted the fastest possible end to the war to save soldiers’ lives, many Americans, as well as his key advisor, Byrnes, wanted the â€Å"unconditional surrender† (Walker 46) of Japan, and there was hatred still harbored against the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. As Truman addressed Congress, he â€Å"reaffirmed his support for the unconditional surrender policy† (Walker 46), and was cheered for it. As the war†¦show more content†¦Truman was warned that, â€Å"to dethrone, or hang, the Emperor would cause a tremendous and violent reaction from all Japanese. Hanging of the Emperor to them would be comparable to the cru cifixion of Christ to us† (Walker 43). Truman was stuck with this decision. There was a possibility to hasten the Japanese surrender with the promise of keeping the Emperor on the throne, but the American people wanted the â€Å"unconditional† kept in surrendering. As he debated his options, soldiers continued to die, on both sides of the war. Ultimately, Truman wanted to end this war quickly as to spare both combatant and noncombatant lives. He â€Å"not only sympathized with Roosevelt’s strategy of winning the war at the lowest possible cost in American casualties on a policy level, he empathized with it on a personal level† (Walker 10), being a former soldier himself in World War I. The American people’s desire for unconditional surrender of Japanese leaders were distinctly clear. In polls of 1945, people polled in a nine-to-one margin that the United States should do what was necessary for the enemy to be â€Å"completely beaten† (Walker 46), and they also strongly supported the idea of the Emperor being punished. This weighed on Truman, as negotiating with the enemy, with the brutish Japanese to the American’s eyes, could undermine the morale of his people. The American peoples’ animosity towards the JapaneseShow MoreRelatedTruman and Atomic Bombs649 Words   |  3 Pagesare to take a side and then write an editorial on Harry S Truman’s decision to order the dropping of the atom bomb. HARRY S TRUMAN amp; THE DECISION TO ORDER THE DROPPING OF THE ATOMIC BOMB Boom! Boom! Seventy thousands Japanese citizens were perished instantly after the first atomic bomb was dropped in Hiroshima on August 6, 1945. Japanese still refused to surrender to Allied forces. On August 9, 1945, with the dropping of the second atomic bomb in Nagasaki, where eighty thousands people wereRead MoreThe Dropping Of The Atomic Bomb1207 Words   |  5 Pagesdropping of the atomic bombs in Japan was a very helpful source for the United States during the WWII. President Truman, took the responsibility of dropping and creation of the atomic bomb. For the reason that The United States was seeking revenge on Japan for the attack at Pearl Harbor. The atomic bomb caused a high number of innocent Japanese deaths and also awful sickness. The atomic bombs left a big impact in the Japanese empire; also effected the Japanese at the time of the atomic bomb and the generationRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb : A Significant Period Of Time That Molds The United States980 Words   |  4 Pag esThe Atomic Bomb in Japan President Truman, decision over booming Japan is a significant period of time that molds the United States. The crucial decision that was made on August of 1945, brought World War II to an end. While bringing the WWII to an end, it attracted a lot of debates over the use of the atomic bombs in the war. Even though the WWII has ended decades ago debates still lingers to this point. Having people in both sides of the debates, makes people wonder if the use of the first atomicRead MoreEssay on The Decision of the Century1031 Words   |  5 PagesThe Decision of the Century On August 2, 1945, Harry S. Truman made the toughest decision of his life. He knew that if he made the right decision, he would save hundreds of thousands of American lives. In making this decision, he would also be responsible for the deaths of hundreds and thousands of Japanese lives. If he made the wrong decision, the war would drudge on as the death count rose higher and higher as each new battle was fought. Japan would not surrender unconditionally, as theRead MorePresident Truman: The Reasoning for Dropping the Atomic Bomb1230 Words   |  5 PagesHarry S. Truman was the 33rd president of the United States of America. He became president because Franklin D. Roosevelt died during his term; Truman was Roosevelt’s Vice President at the time. Truman found himself facing some of the greatest challenges met by any 20th-century president. He discovered in July 1945 that some scientists working for the United States government had successfully tested an atomic bomb in New M exico. President Truman wanted to use the atomic bomb to end the war in theRead MoreHarry S. Truman s President Of All Time1478 Words   |  6 PagesHarry S Truman was the 33rd president of the United States and according to the Harry S Truman website, the 5th most popular president of all time. Truman played a big part in ending World War II and beginning the Cold War. He was elected in 1945, after the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt, in April 1945. He also ended racial segregation in the civil service and the armed forces in 1948. Which will all be covered in this topic of Harry S. Truman, also discussing his presidency, personal accomplishmentsRead MoreThe Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki700 Words   |  3 PagesThe Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki The United States was completely unjustified in dropping the atomic bomb because it was used so we could have a sense of â€Å"power† over the rest of the world. President Harry Truman had paid no heed to his prior statements as to the intended use of the bomb; and not only had it violated the Hague Convention, but it also caused lifelong repercussions for Japan’s land and people. The United States, nearly 70 years later, has yet to apologize to the victims orRead MoreEssay Pres, Truman Atomic Bomb Decision1421 Words   |  6 PagesPresident Trumans Decision to drop the Atomic Bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki During World War II the war in Europe ended after the unconditional German surrender at General Eisenhowers Headquarters in Reims, France, May 7, 1945. After the unconditional German surrender in Europe the war shifted to Asia and the Pacific. As the war continued against Japan the Allied forces captured islands such as Iwo Jima and Okinaawa close to Japan brought the Japanese homeland within range of naval and airRead MoreUnderstanding the Decisions to Drop The Atomic Bomb Essay873 Words   |  4 PagesWorried about Nazi Germany’s technological advances earlier in the war, the United States began to research atomic energy and the possibility of creating an atomic bomb (Walker 10). When the bombs were created, the arguments for and against the use of it were gruesome, lengthy, and all understandable in some way. During the decision to drop atomic bombs on Japan, President Harry S. Truman and his fellow politicians had to consider the ethical arguments provided by the scientif ic community and theRead MorePresident Truman And The Dropping Of The Atomic Bomb1280 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout history there have been many important decisions made by our presidents that have affected our country for the better and for the worse. Even though people claim that they could have made better judgement calls than what have been decided, no one knows exactly what circumstances the president is under when the decisions have to be made. In the case of President Harry Truman and the dropping of the atomic bomb, many speculators say that it was a great way to resolve the war with Japan while

The Structure Of The Banking Industry - 1608 Words

The changes in the Vietnamese banking industry have been vast. From a formerly monobank system dominated by the State Bank of Vietnam (SBV) it has now expanded to several players and has recently enabled MFIs to be part of the formal financial system. However, despite these achievements, there are still challenges that linger and financial inclusion remains an issue. This part explores the current structure of the banking industry and touches on the status of financial inclusion in Vietnam. 4.3.1. Banking Industry Vietnam’s banking sector is fairly recent being founded a little over 2 decades ago. Prior to sector’s current structure, the system operated from a monobank system. This meant that the State Bank of Vietnam (SBV) had a dominant role and functioning both as a central bank and a commercial bank. In the 1990s the banking industry transformed into a two-tier system with the SBV stopping its operations as a commercial bank and solely operating as a central bank. This led to the creation of state-owned commercial banks (SOCB) namely Vietnam Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (Agribank), The Bank for Investment and Development of Vietnam (BIDV), Bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam (Vietcombank) and the Vietnam Industrial and Commercial Bank (Vietinbank). Likewise, policy banks also came into existence such as Vietnam Bank for Social Policies (formerly Vietnam Bank for the Poor) (Ninh 2003). Aside from the SOCBs, the evolution of the Vietnamese banking sector hasShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Structure of Australia’s Banking Industry1252 Words   |  6 PagesThe structure of Australia’s banking industry is similar to that of an oligopoly, which poses the threat of minimising competition. The structure, performance and conduct of banks are important as they ensure that they act competitively, however in Australia the market is dominated by four major banks threatening competition. The structure in the Australian banking ind ustry is fairly oligopolistic, decreasing the amount of competition evident in the market. Performance of the dominating banks hasRead MoreInvestment Banking And Securities : An Insight Into The Industry s Market Structure1948 Words   |  8 Pages Investment Banking and Securities: An insight into the industry’s market structure and the impact these structural characteristics have on the behaviour and performance of the industry and firm. David Harris-Burland Word Count : FIMML3 Year Abroad Project Oddo et Cie, 12 boulevard de la Madeleine, Paris CONTENTS SUMMARY INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 I – Market Structure Insight . . Read MoreThe National Banking Act Of 18631462 Words   |  6 PagesBACKGROUND: Banking in the United States is a better known as the declaration of the growth of capitalism and free enterprise. Adam Smith, a well-known economist, referred to capitalist banking as the â€Å"invisible hand† guiding the path of allocation through goods and services throughout the economy. Commercial and investment banking quickly became the leading hands in the economy, as financial resources was a common scarcity in environments. Merchant banks that were privately owned performed the capitalRead MoreEssay about Global Banking Crisis735 Words   |  3 PagesWorkspace Answer the following question in the box below: Identify the lessons learned from the prior global banking crisis? What should be done to prevent such a crisis from happening again? After so much worldwide financial turmoil, learning the right lessons from the global banking crisis is a challenge for the advanced economies and the larger emerging economies whose policies will determine the global financial system over the next several years. 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Market size The current market size in North American Financial Services market is $54.9B, and is projected to have annual growth through 2017 at a rate of 3.1%(Hoovers, 2013). 2. Market Profitability The industry, while facing relative slow growth at 3.1% through 2017, is profitable. As of the close of 2012, the profitability of the industry was $4.1B, andRead MorePorter’s Five Forces Analysis of Sbi999 Words   |  4 PagesPerforming Foreign Banks a. Citibank b. Standard Chartered c. HSBC Bank The banking industry is highly competitive. The financial services industry has beenaround for hundreds of years and just about everyone who needs banking servicesalready has them. Because of this, banks must attempt to lure clients away fromcompetitor banks. They do this by offering lower financing, preferred rates andinvestment services. The banking sector is in a race to see who can offer both the bestand fastest services. Read MoreThe Structure, Conduct and Recent Performance of the Uk Banking Sector1105 Words   |  5 PagesINTRODUCTION Before discussing the structure, conduct and recent performance of the UK banking sector, it is useful to provide an insight in the recent global financial crisis caused by the sub-prime mortgage crisis initiated in the US and underline its effects on the banking industry in the UK. It all started with the collapse of the housing bubble in the US, as borrowers were no longer able to meet their financial obligations and as consequence many of these subprime mortgages became default andRead MoreAnalysis Of Chase Co. s Culture Essay1648 Words   |  7 Pagesbusinesses that occupy it are continuously under public scrutiny due to the unethical behaviors that tend to be common in the industry. This has led to a public discontent for the industry, but JPMorgan Chase Co. is attempting to overcome that hurdle through a unique culture. This culture is founded on ethics while still maintaining a completive nature that is embedded in the industry. They have structured their organization and p olicies in a way to prevent and report unethical actions employees may engageRead MoreThe Future Of Bangladeshi Bank Essay1578 Words   |  7 Pagesactivities. A bank is an institution that deposited money which is given by customer for investment and repay it when the customer claim it, and also makes loans at interest. History of Banking Industry After independence, to achieve the govt. objective, all financial institutions carried out the govt. An under developed banking system of Bangladesh, the government banks provide the customer services and care. This situation continued up to 1982. In this time the banks continue their operation with a view

Prevalence and Opportunistic Intervention †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Prevalence and Opportunistic Intervention. Answer: Introduction: The article contains a clear statement of the aims of the research. The Goal of the Research was to establish a grounded theory to define and describe the manner in which the needs of the RACFs residents of Australia are decided, distributed and communicated (Flick, 2014). The objective of the research is relevant because little research has been done on the practical and daily ethical issues the personal care assistants and nurses who care for the residents undergo and whether they enact the rights of the residents such as the right to make informed choices regarding their care Halldorsdottir and Karlsdottir (2011) and independence of the residents (Australian Human Rights Commission, 2012). This research topic is significant because the RACFs are a select group of people that needs both continence and incontinence care because of their inability to even perform necessary activities like disposing of fecal matter (Economics, 2013). Yes. The research methodology is appropriate because the three objectives of the research are geared towards the ethical issues that the respondents (nurses and personal care PCA assistants) undergo while carrying out their duty (Supino and Borer, 2012). For instance, it explores the view of the nurses and PCAs about service provision, their perception of continence and incontinence care and a practical field observation on their reaction towards the care needs of the continence care of the residents in public management. Additionally, qualitative research is the best methodology for realizing the research objective because the study concerns the ethical challenges that the respondents face while on duty. This is because the nature of the study is that it requires both the perception of the nurses and a practical observation of them while at work (Speziale et al., 2011). Appropriateness of the Research Design No. The research design was not appropriate because the researchers havent discussed the reason for settling on the method of grounded theory (Bechhofer and Paterson, 2012). But instead, they have described how the method is carried out and not why they chose to use it. Yes. The procedure for the recruitment of the respondents was appropriate because the researchers describe on how they arrived at the selected participants (Saunders, 2012). The selection was done on the basis of experience in providing, monitoring or evaluating continence care in the RACF of Australia. The researchers adopted this criterion of selection because such participants were the most appropriate in providing the knowledge relevant for the research. However, the authors do not outline whether any respondents of interest declined to participate in the study. Yes. Data collection was carried out in a manner that addressed the research problem because the article is clear on how they gathered data through formal, semi-structured, in-depth interviews and open-ended methods. Also, the researchers did justify the reason for the data collection methods used. For instance, they are in line with the grounded theory Charmaz and Belgrave (2012) and the type of the interview questions and sampling frame were derived from the incipient analysis and was arrived at on the basis of prior sources of data. However, the researchers do not explicitly provide for how the interview method was conducted, any data modification during the research and any data saturation, but provide an in-depth process on how the observations were carried out. Yes, the relationship between the respondents and the researchers is considered in the research. First because the formulation of the research objectives was influenced by the existing mind gap from extant literature and the development of a grounded theory with an aim of examining how the continence needs of the residents of RACF are decided, conveyed and communicated. Also, data collection by observation was done from a discrete distance away from the residence of the staff activity and the joint areas of every facility during normal routines and interaction between the residents and employees. This ensured that their individual role did not influence the formulation of the research objectives and data collection (Christensen et al., 2011). Furthermore, the choice of location was justified by the researcher in that it consisted of a variety of staff namely RN, EN and PCA, had a large population of dependent residents some of which suffered from dementia (Fowler, 2013). Consideration of Ethical Issues No, the article doesnt highlight any ethical issues during research. This is because it doesnt provide details of whether the participants were first informed of the details of the research before commencement. Furthermore, the researchers have not discussed any issues to do with confidentiality based on the effects of the respondents participating in the study. The study doesnt also indicate whether an express permission was granted from the ethics committee. Data analysis was sufficiently rigorous because there is a detailed process of analysis where the researchers used the NVivo 9 software to key in data and analyse (Bazeley and Jackson, 2013). The data techniques used to analyse the data was open coding, theoretical coding and discriminate coding which was simultaneous with data generation and analysis. The texts were assigned single codes each or more for data description. At the same time, the data from the memos was developed based on the rising concepts from the coded data management. To ensure consistency and data relevancy of the emerging social problems and processes were revealed, all the coding phases were done by matching code-to-code, event-to-event and group-to-group (Bazeley and Jackson, 2013). However, the researcher do not explain how presented data was selected from the initial sample to illustrate the process of analysis, but instead, they provide a detailed process of how the data analysis was carried out. There is a lso the insufficiency of data to back-up the outcomes because the researchers only provide a summary of the outcomes without the corresponding percentages or numerical data to support their conclusions. The research also assumes that there was no contradictory data because its not mentioned anywhere in the article. This contradicts the principles of research which always allows a margin of error (Schultz, 2011). Lastly, the researchers impliedly considered their influence during the selection and analysis of data for presentation by wholly relying on the principles of data entry and coding using the NVivo 9 software program. Yes, the research findings are explicitly explained because the study led to the establishment of a theory regarding the delivery of general care in RACFs. The theory is divided into two parts namely the caring against odds and weathering constraints. The former is about the primary challenges faced by the staff of RACF while at work and the latter is a description of the responses of the staff to the challenges. Furthermore, the research findings have been categorised into four and discussed in detail. However, the discussion doesnt consist of contradicting arguments against the researcher. The researchers do not discuss the credibility of their outcomes. Yes, the research is valuable because the researchers state that it is the first research to provide a detailed analysis of an exceptional and challenging kind of the continence care provided in the setting of a RACF from the direct views of the staff. This is discussed in relation to the existing literature on a related research (Visser et al.,2012; Strickland, 2014; Ng et al., 2014; and Xu et al., 2013). However, the article doesnt identify any field for further study and how the study outcomes can be applicable to other populations. References Australian Human Rights Commission, 2012. Human rights approach to ageing and health: respect and choice.Sydney: Australian Human Rights Commission. Bazeley, P. and Jackson, K. eds., 2013.Qualitative data analysis with NVivo. Sage Publications Limited. Bechhofer, F. and Paterson, L., 2012.Principles of research design in the social sciences. Routledge. Charmaz, K. and Belgrave, L., 2012. Qualitative interviewing and grounded theory analysis.The SAGE handbook of interview research: The complexity of the craft,2, pp.347-365. Christensen, L.B., Johnson, B., Turner, L.A. and Christensen, L.B., 2011. Research methods, design, and analysis. Economics, D.A., 2013. the Continence Foundation of Australia. The economic impact of incontinence in Australia. Continence Foundation of Australia, 2011. Flick, U., 2014.An introduction to qualitative research. Sage. Fowler Jr, F.J., 2013.Survey research methods. Sage publications. Halldorsdottir, S. and Karlsdottir, S.I., 2011. The primacy of the good midwife in midwifery services: an evolving theory of professionalism in midwifery.Scandinavian journal of caring sciences,25(4), pp.806-817. Ng, S.F., Lok, M.K., Pang, S.M. and Wun, Y.T., 2014. Stress urinary incontinence in younger women in primary care: prevalence and opportunistic intervention.Journal of Women's Health,23(1), pp.65-68. Saunders, M.N., 2012. Choosing research participants.Qualitative organizational research: Core methods and current challenges, pp.35-52. Schultz, K., 2011.Being wrong: Adventures in the margin of error. Granta Books. Speziale, H.S., Streubert, H.J. and Carpenter, D.R., 2011.Qualitative research in nursing: Advancing the humanistic imperative. Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Strickland, R., 2014. Reasons for not seeking care for urinary incontinence in older community-dwelling women: a contemporary review.Urologic nursing,34(2), p.63. Supino, P.G. and Borer, J.S. eds., 2012.Principles of research methodology: A guide for clinical investigators. Springer Science Business Media. Visser, E., de Bock, G.H., Kollen, B.J., Meijerink, M., Berger, M.Y. and Dekker, J.H., 2012. Systematic screening for urinary incontinence in older women: Who could benefit from it?.Scandinavian journal of primary health care,30(1), pp.21-28. Xu, D., Wang, X., Li, J. and Wang, K., 2015. The mediating effect of bothersomeurinary incontinence on help?seeking intentions among community?dwelling women.Journal of advanced nursing,71(2), pp.315-325.

Impact of Effective Communication on Change Management

Question: Discuss about the Impact of Effective Communication on Change Management for Global Organizations. Answer: Introduction Today, organizations have started to look beyond the domestic boundaries. The marketplace has expanded and organizations have started to look for expansion in the global market. It is believed that that communication is vital when dealing with changes and strategic planning. Encouraging input and ideas from those on the front-lines in order to create a strong plan or means for success. Leaders really must have an interest for the development of their team and those dependent upon them, this will only create a stronger team (Petronio, 2013). The objective of this research work is to study the factors that have positive impact on change management. The research work would primarily focus to study the impact of effective communication on change management for global organizations. The initial research suggests that the lack of communication and a thoughtful process can create difficulty on having others jump-on board with the idea. It can be said that change is always constant in our ever-changing world. That is where the vision and the mission statement must remain constant. Literature review Customer service is the key to success and the strategies must be moulded around customer service planning. Communication, requiring accountability and responsibility for staff and faculty, mandatory training and also including everyone in the change process (all levels), respecting their input and encouraging it, also assisting with technology and providing information about new technological changes. Authors argued that change management cannot be successful in organizations without effective communication strategies in place. Stark (2015) argued that from a strategic planning perspective, communication is a major support function for effective change management. Communication has been the biggest contributor to the successful progress being made. With effective communication strategies in place, all employees receive a consistent message and all stakeholders participate in decision making. By instituting a broad strategy of becoming highly reliable and safe, organizations are identifying opportunities to improve processes that affect daily operation, customer service, quality, and employee satisfaction. This in turn improves our community image and financial stability. When there is clear understanding that change is happening in all levels of the organization people are a little more willing to contribute to the changes being implemented. The people who would usually have the most difficult time contributing to change are those that have been doing things the same way for many years (Carsrud Brannbeck, 2014). Those employees usually will take longer to transition into the changes that are being implemented. Once there is lack of interest from subordinates then it becomes challenging to get momentum back from followers (Petronio, 2013). Part of the strategic planning should include constant communication and motivation while changes are implemented. Lack of consensus can be a challenge to strategic planning. No matter how much efforts someone add to a planning, if there is no consensus then companies fail. For example, in Toyota organization (Frankland Mitchell, 2013). there was conflict between to employees and it lead to recall of vehicles. Research questions and hypotheses Research questions The three key research questions of this research can be highlighted as: What is the impact of effective communication strategies on change management within global and multinational organizations? How can organizations manage the change effectively without compromising on organizational productivity? Hypotheses The effective communication is the key for organizations to manage change within the organization and effective communication has a positive impact on organizational change management. Operational definitions and measurement The key variable involved in the research work can be discussed as: Independent variable: The effectiveness of the communication strategies used in the global organizations. Dependent variable: The effectiveness of change management within the organization Key definitions: Change Management: Refers to strategic changes within large and global organizations. For example, organization introducing new performance management system or organization introducing new ERP system (Loewenstein, 2015). Effective Communication: It included both verbal and non-verbal communication channels that are used within an organization (Simoes, 2104). Research methodologies: Data collection and analysis Sampling techniques For this research work, the researcher would use cluster sampling technique. The researcher would create three clusters and the random sampling method would be used for each of the sample (Lies, 2012). The three clusters decided for this research work are: Cluster 1: The employees who work for large and multinational organizations in Australia. For example, the organizations like Toyota Cluster 2: The people who are part of senior management Cluster 3: Industry experts The methodology of cluster sampling methods can be shown as: Method of analysis. The researcher would use a mix method of research. It means that the researcher would use primary research methods and secondary research methods. Primary research methods: The primary research methods mean that the research would be done specifically for this research work. In this research work, the researcher would use online survey method to complete the primary research. An online questionnaire of 20-30 questions would be used. The online questionnaire would have both open-ended questions and close ended questions (Sturgeon, 2013). It is always advisable to use the open-ended questions in the survey as the respondents would find it easy to answer the open-ended questions as compared to the close ended questions. A brief sample of open-ended question and close-ended question can be shown as: Example: Close ended questions: On a scale of 7 (1 being least and 7 being best), rate the importance of effective communication strategies in change management Example: Open ended questions: What should large and multinational organizations do to have effective change management in place? Secondary research methods: The secondary research would be used to support the primary research. In this research work, researcher would use the secondary research methods of literature review (Harrison, 2013). The researcher would refer to various online and offline sources to complete the secondary research. The secondary research method would provide qualitative data. Research process The key phases in the research work can be discussed as: Identification of research problem This phase is already done. The objective of this research work is to study the factors that have positive impact on change management. The research work would primarily focus to study the impact of effective communication on change management for global organizations. Background Study and Research Questions formulation The three key research questions of this research can be highlighted as: 1.What is the impact of effective communication strategies on change management within global and multinational organizations? 2.How can organizations manage the change effectively without compromising on organizational productivity? Literature Review The literature review would be a key part of this research. The researcher would use the resources from the library and other online sources to complete the research. Data collection and analysis The data collection methods would include both quantitative and qualitative methods. The researcher would also use the data analysis tools like Microsoft Excel and SPSS. Expected outcomes It is expected that researcher would be able to establish a positive relationship between change management and effective communication at work place. Conclusion The above paper discusses the research proposal to study the factors that have positive impact on change management. The researcher would use primary research methods and secondary research methods to complete the research. The cluster sampling methods would be used and the researcher would use three clusters to collect data and information from respondents. References Carsrud, A.L. and Brannbeck, M., 2014. Handbook of Research Methods and Applications in Entrepreneurship and Small Business. Frankland, R., Mitchell, C.M., Ferguson, J.D., Sziklai, A.T., Verma, A.K., Popowski, J.E. and Sturgeon, D.H., Applications In Internet Time, Llc, 2013. Integrated change management unit. U.S. Patent 8,484,111. Harrison, R.L., 2013. Using mixed methods designs in the Journal of Business Research, 19902010. Journal of Business Research, 66(11), pp.2153-2162. Lies, J., 2012. Internal communication as power management in change processes: Study on the possibilities and the reality of change communications. Public Relations Review, 38(2), pp.255-261. Matos Marques Simoes, P. and Esposito, M., 2014. Improving change management: How communication nature influences resistance to change. Journal of Management Development, 33(4), pp.324-341. Ocasio, W., Loewenstein, J. and Nigam, A., 2015. How streams of communication reproduce and change institutional logics: The role of categories. Academy of Management Review, 40(1), pp.28-48. Petronio, S., 2013. Brief status report on communication privacy management theory. Journal of Family Communication, 13(1), pp.6-14. Stark, J., 2015. Product lifecycle management. In Product Lifecycle Management (pp. 1-29). Springer International Publishing.

City Of Chicopee Essays - Springfield, , Term Papers

City Of Chicopee A man by the name of William Pynchon settled in the City of Chicopee in 1638. William Pynchon bought the land in 1641 from the Nipmuck Indian tribe. The land was not officially settled until two brothers by the name of Henry, and Japhet Chapin, bought the land from John Pynchon in 1659. The city name derives from the Indian word, Chicopee, and is translated to mean Violent or Raging Waters. The land around Chicopee was mostly farmland for about 150 years, in and around the Connecticut River. The city of Chicopee became an industrial center in the early 1820s, because of the river locations and the peoples ability to build factories and use the rivers for power. The city was one of the states planned industrial communities, with manufactures building mills and housing for the workers. Chicopee requested to break from Springfield in 1844. The state legislature granted Chicopee its own charter in April of 1848. The town prospered until the recession of the 1930s, which slowed production. You can still see the left over factories from this era in the center of Chicopee; some of the old factories have been converted into apartment buildings. The City of Chicopee is also known for one of the worlds largest Polish celebrations. The city has about 75,000 people come for the Kielbasa Festival. The city has not had the festival for a few years because of logistic problems. The City of Chicopee also has the shad run in the fall. The shad run attracts fishermen from all over New England to fish the Chicopee River. The City of Chicopee is also known for Westover Air Force Base, built in the 1940s. The base and all the military personnel provided a large economic surge in the citys economy. The base and its runways are still used today for the 439th Airlift Wing. The 439th Airlift Wing has some of the biggest planes in the world. The 439th operates and maintains the C-5 Galaxy transport plane. The bases runways are very highly maintained, because it is the third landing zone for the Space Shuttle for NASA. They hold an air show every two years, which is the biggest in New England. The City of Chicopee started its own police department in 1859. There were two constables appointed in 1859, with the addition of ten more in 1867. The first chief was appointed in 1867. His named was A.J. Marks. The citys first Marshall was James Barnes who was appointed in 1891 by Mayor Taylor. The office was then changed to Civil Service in 1911 where the title of Chief of Police was formed in 1923. Frank OCallahan succeeded Barnes in 1923 to become the first Chief of Police. He held this position until his retirement in 1940 when Francis Linehan succeeded him. The City of Chicopee is about 25.7 square miles or 15,800 acres in size. The city is bordered by Holyoke to the north, to the east by South Hadley and Granby; the south, by Springfield, and by the west, by the Connecticut River. The citys average height above sea level is about 154 feet. The average temperature in January is about 26.8 degrees Fahrenheit. The average temperature in July is about 74.1 degrees Fahrenheit. The average annual precipitation is 43.9. The city has only 26,920 registered voters. The largest percentage of voters are Democratic, they hold about 57.1% of the vote. The city has no hospitals located within the city limits, but the city has five long term care nursing homes, and one rest home. The city of Chicopee has five distinct villages: Aldenville, Fairview, Willimansett, Chicopee Falls, and Chicopee Center. If you look at the new department patch for the police department it contains five stars across the shield. Those stars represent each one of these distr icts. The City of Chicopee has approximately 56,632 people living within the city limits. There are about 2,475 people per square mile. The labor force of the city is about 26,146, and there are about 25,272 people who are employed; which leaves about 874 people unemployed who live in the City of Chicopee. The total annual payroll in the city is about $612,006,282 dollars, making the average

Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Essays

Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Essays Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Essay Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Essay Christian Cruz 1. Interview at least three people and ask them how you come across to them, (your Presenting Self), then evaluate how you perceive yourself (your Perceived Self) and compare and contrast your Presenting Self to your Perceived Self. The first person I interviewed with thought I came across as being a witty, outgoing, and fun to be around type of person. The second person I interviewed with thought I came across as outgoing, stylish, well-groomed, respectful, and gentleman like. The third person I interviewed with thought I came across as attractive, fun-loving, caring, and ambitious. I would describe myself as being a very well-rounded person. I am very friendly and fun to be around. I would consider myself to be trendy and I am always looking for new ways to better my appearance. I am very witty and always have something smart to say and always have good come backs up. I sometimes can be sarcastic but it is all in good fun. 2. Analyze any speech we have watched in Class. Write a short critique or reaction paper from methods studied. Steve Jobs’ commencement address begins with a great strong opening and grabs the audiences’ attention by making them feel good about themselves. Jobs’ speech was structured with three stories and the audience is able to understand him with his use of simple sentences. Jobs’ also uses great pausing and emphasis to keep the audience’s attention and gives them time to comprehend all that he is sharing with them. Jobs lastly did a wonderful job with his continuous eye contact he has with the audience throughout his speech. 3. Analyze five photographs according to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. Attach the photographs and explain each need. The first photograph I chose is one of a white person and black person holding hands. This photo shows lack of prejudice and being able to accept one another even though you are not of the same color. The second photograph I chose is of a three graduating students. This shows self-achievement and the ability to accomplish your goals if you put your mind to it. The third photograph I chose is one of a family. Family is everything. They are the people that are going to be in your life through the tick and thin and will love you no matter what. The fourth picture I chose is one of the food pyramid. It is very important to have well nutrition to stay healthy and active to live a long and prosperous life. The fifth picture I chose is of a couple having sex. Sex is very important. It is being intimate with your partner and showing love toward one another. It is the way new life is formed and if people did not have sex no one would be here today. 4. Write a short advertisement utilizing Monroe’s Motivated Sequence. Are you craving to get that one guy’s attention and have no clue how to get him to start looking? Well there is good news; you may have him drooling over you with this little secret of mine. The long anticipated release of the fragrance Mesmerize for women will be sure to rattle up his senses and have him mesmerized with your scent. Mesmerize is now available at your local fine fragrance store. 5. Watch the film â€Å"When Harry Met Sally†. Discuss how the film, through the characters, goes through the stages of relationships. How do the characters resolve conflicts? In the film â€Å"When Harry Met Sally† the characters in the film go through many different stages of relationships. The story begins with Harry and Sally leaving college to go to New York. Harry thinks that men and women can not be friends because there is always that urge to have sex with one another. Harry then tries to make a pass on her and she is offended and the end their friendship. 5 years down the line both are in a relationship. Both are content. Another 5 years go by and they have coffee together and talk about their past relationships that have ended. They then decide to be friends again. At a New Years Eve party they bring their best friends to set them up for each other. Their best friends hit it off and later become engaged. Sally finds out that her ex is engaged and is extremely distraught so she invites Harry over and they end up having sex. Over the next three weeks their friendship stays intact until they get into a fight at Jesse and Marie’s wedding dinner. Then that new years Harry spends it alone and Sally wishes that they were together. Harry shows up to a party that Sally was attending and then he confesses his love for her. The characters in the movie have their ups and downs but in the end they get together through it all.

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Landlord and Tenant Law - Essay Example In case the landlord opposes the request for renewal, then termination of such a tenancy must be done as is prescribed by the Act failure to which has negative consequences especially on the landlord (Freedman, Shapiro & Steele 2006). This paper discusses the remedies of addressing Spotted Dice Limited which has defaulted in the service charges and rent. It also outlines practicalities of exercising break clause in a lease as well as the procedure of ensuring a lease does not get a statutory protection. This is the first part of question one, which involves explaining the remedies to be taken in addressing the issue of forfeiture by Spotted Dice Limited. The FRI basis on which Spotted Dice Limited was granted the lease in Lansbury Towers is an abbreviation for Full Repairing and Insuring. FRI basis protects and relieves a landlord from incurring the costs of repairs and insurance and it is effected from the onset of a business tenancy. It therefore means that Spotted Dice Limited being granted the tenancy of the first floor of the Lansbury Towers is liable for all the costs of repair and insurance. This should be effective for the entire period of ten years the tenancy is granted. After failing to fulfill these obligations in the sixth year of lease, Spotted Dice Limited has breached the agreement made at the time of leasing. There are therefore two remedies to address the situation, which are possession claim remedy and damages for the breach of covenant remedy (City Law School 2014). Possession claim remedy is usually taken to regain the possession of the leased premise. Because Spotted Dice Limited has failed to remit this quarter’s rent, repossession of the premise allows for leasing to a new tenant. Similarly, damage for breach of covenant remedy applies where agreements in a contract have not been honoured. From the initial agreement, Spotted

Business Ethics In The Context Of Globalisation Commerce Essay

Business Ethics In The Context Of Globalisation Commerce Essay The following document aims at studying Business Ethics in the context of Globalization. In order to do so, let us start with the definitions of the two most important words in the title: 1. Business Ethics Business ethics is the study of business situations, activities, and decisions where issues of right and wrong are addressed. It is worth stressing that by right and wrong we mean morally right and wrong as opposed to, for example, commercially, strategically, or financially right or wrong. Moreover, by business ethics, we do not mean only commercial businesses, but also government organizations, pressure groups, not-for-profit businesses, charities, and other organizations. For example, questions of how to manage employees fairly, or what constitutes deception in advertising, are equally as important for organizations such as CRY, the University of Mumbai, or the Bhartiya Janata Party as they are for Satyam, PG, or Infosys. However, given the high profile of ethical issues in relation to commercial businesses, it is these types of businesses that are predominantly focussed on in general. Business ethics and the law Having defined business ethics in terms of issues of right and wrong, one might quite naturally question whether this is in any way distinct from the law. Surely, the law is also about issues of right and wrong? This is true, and there is indeed considerable overlap between ethics and the law. In fact, the law is essentially an institutionalization or codification of ethics into specific social rules, regulations, and proscriptions. Nevertheless, the two are not equivalent. Perhaps the best way of thinking about ethics and the law is in terms of two intersecting domains (see Figure). The law might be said to be a definition of the minimum acceptable standards of behaviour. However, many morally contestable issues, whether in business or elsewhere, are not explicitly covered by the law. In one sense then, business ethics can be said to begin where the law ends. Business ethics is primarily concerned with those issues not covered by the law, or where there is no definite consensus on whether something is right or wrong. Discussion about the ethics of particular business practices may eventually lead to legislation once some kind of consensus is reached, but for most of the issues of interest to business ethics, the law typically does not currently provide us with guidance. 2. GLOBALIZATION Globalization is the progressive eroding of the relevance of territorial bases for social, economic and political activities, processes and relations. Globalization is not only a very controversial topic in the public debate; it is also a much contested term in academic discourse. Apart from the fact that mirroring the public debate the camps seems to be divided into supporters and critics, there is growing concern about whether globalization is a fact at all. So, for example, some argue that there is nothing like a global economy, because roughly 90 per cent of world trade only takes place either within or between the three economic blocks of the EU, North America, and East Asia, leaving out all other major parts of the globe (Chortarea and Pelagidis 2004; World Trade Organization 2004). Obviously, we have to examine the globalization buzzword more carefully and to develop a more precise definition if we want to understand its character and its implication for business ethics. Scholte (2000) says if we want to get a grasp on the decisive features of globalization, he suggests we can start by looking at the way social connections traditionally took place. These connections, be it personal relations to family members or friends, or economic relations such as shopping or working, took place within a certain territory. People had their family and friends in a certain village, they had their work and business relations within a certain town or even country. Social interaction traditionally needed a certain geographical space to take place. However, this link between social connections and a certain territory has been continuously weakened, with two main developments in the last few decades being particularly important. The first development is technological in nature. Modern communication technology, from the telephone, to radio and television, and now the internet, open up the possibility of connecting and interacting with people despite the fact that there are large geographical distances between them. Furthermore, the rapid development of global transportation technologies allows people to easily connect with other people all over the globe. While Marco Polo had to travel many months to finally arrive in China, people today can step on a plane and, after a passable meal and a short sleep, arrive some time later on the other side of the globe. Territorial distances play a less and less important role today. The people we do business with, or that we make friends with, no longer necessarily have to be in the same place as we are. The second development is political in nature. Territorial borders have been the main obstacles to worldwide connections between people. Only 20 years ago, it was still largely impossible to enter the countries in the eastern bloc without lengthy visa procedures, and even then, interactions between people from the two sides were very limited. With the fall of the iron curtain, and substantial liberalization efforts elsewhere (for instance within the EU), national borders have been eroded and, in many cases, have even been abolished. These two developments mainly account for the massive proliferation and spread territorial connections. These connections may not always necessarily have a global spread in the literal sense of worldwide spread. The new thing though about these connections is that they no longer need a geographical territory to take place and they are not restricted by territorial distances and borders any more. Relevance of globalization for business ethics Globalization as defined in terms of the deterritorialization of economic activities is particularly relevant for business ethics, and this is evident in three main areas culture, law, and accountability. 1. CULTURAL ISSUES As business becomes less fixed territorially, so corporations increasingly engage in overseas markets, suddenly finding themselves confronted with new and diverse, sometimes even contradicting ethical demands. Moral values, which were taken for granted in the home market, may get questioned as soon as corporations enter foreign markets. For example, attitudes to racial and gender diversity in Europe may differ significantly to those in Middle Eastern countries. Similarly, Chinese people might regard it as more unethical to sack employees in times of economic downturns than would be typical in Europe. Again, whilst Europeans tend to regard child labour as strictly unethical, some Asian countries might have a more moderate approach. Consider the case of Playboy, the US adult magazine, which had to suspend its Indonesian edition and vacate the company premises in 2006 in the wake of violent protests by Islamic demonstrators even though the Indonesian edition was a toned down version th at did not show nudity. The reason why there is a potential for such problems is that whilst globalization results in the deterritorialization of some processes and activities, in many cases there is still a close connection between the local culture, including moral values, and a certain geographical region. For example, Europeans largely disapprove of capital punishment, whilst many Americans appear to regard it as morally acceptable. Women can freely sunbathe topless on most European beaches, yet in some states of America they can get fined for doing so and in Pakistan would be expected to cover up much more. This is one of the contradictions of globalization: on the one hand globalization makes regional difference less important since it brings regions together and encourages a more uniform global culture. On the other hand, in eroding the divisions of geographical distances, globalization reveals economic, political, and cultural differences and confronts people with them. It has been said that countries exhibit very different views on the makeup of business ethics. These differences are regarded as based largely in cultural diversity. For example, Japan is considered to have an entirely different set of guidelines than the United States because the cultures of these two countries come from entirely different origins. However, if business ethics are based only in culture then businesses global interactions should instigate much more conflict than currently exists. The basic cultures of Japan and the United States have very little common ground, therefore their views on business ethics would come from entirely opposite directions. Compromising a cultures moral values can be considered extremely difficult; it is much more likely that those same values would try to be imposed upon the other party. With each culture imposing its values on the other, the result would be adamant conflict. However, the rapid growth of global business paints this picture of co nflict as false. Businesses can only expand quickly in global markets by being empathic to the needs, perspectives, and accepted procedures of their foreign counterparts and partners. Therefore, business ethics is not entirely based on the culture from which it is derived. It is based more on a basic human moral understanding that transcends international boundaries. Up to present, ethics have evolved through isolated pockets due to the limited scope of global communications. Todays close communication and cooperation of companies worldwide will have an evening out effect. Business ethics will eventually drive toward one general definition. What exactly constitutes that definition is yet to be determined. The certainty is that the definition will be fluid in nature and change as new principles are accepted and implemented. To know where we are headed we must understand how ethical business practices evolved. Although business ethics is a relatively new study the concept has been aro und since commerce began. For instance, a blacksmith earned his reputation by treating his employees well and his customers fairly. As his reputation grew so did the size of his business. While this is a simplistic example it is meant to show that the concept of fair business practices has existed and contributed to the success of enterprises long before business ethics became an established study. Prior to todays multiple innovations in worldwide communications, business morals in each separate geographical area evolved on their own. Without much influence from the outside world, ethical behaviour was influenced by what was important to the society. What was significant to the society created expectations of fair business practices that have carried through the years? What do societies consider important? Culture and ethics are interrelated and intertwined in such a way that it makes it difficult to know which factor guiding / motivating the behaviour is arising from a given situation. Is it the cultural vision of his/her ethics or is it the ethical vision of his/her culture that guides someone to do or not do certain things. Trompenaars survey questioning peoples reaction to a given situation shows that cultures with more emphasis on human relationships and loyalty (particularists) scored lower than those that emphasized obeying rules (Universalists).    The situation: youre riding in a car driven by a close friend, whos driving at least 35 mph in a 20 mph zone. He hits someone. No witnesses. His lawyer says if you testify under oath that your friend was driving at 20 miles per hour, it might save him from serious consequences. What right has your friend to expect you to protect him?   Lying was more prominent in cultures stressing human relationships, whereas it was less prevalent in cultures stressing rules. Telling the truth is an ethical value that appears in this context. One could say, people in cultures emphasizing human relationships would most likely lie to protect the relationship; whereas, people in cultures putting a greater value on rules would lie less in order to abide by the rule. Adler differentiates between cultures that are universally oriented (all rules apply to everyone) and particularly oriented the nature of the relationship determines how someone will act in a particular situation. When it comes to the actual experience of the individual in question it is not certain if that person is motivated by cultural influences and/or ethical implications of his/her act and/or decision. Paul Ricoeur suggests three positions in ethical development: 1) the self 2) relations with others, 3) institutional. Through this process of moral integration, the se lf eventually becomes autonomous (auto self- nomous norms which becomes understood as self-regulatory) in its experiences and interactions with others and institutions. The self internalises the cultural norms and values through socialization (being in the world with others).    2. LEGAL ISSUES A second aspect is closely linked to what we said previously about the relation of ethics and law. The more economic transactions lose their connection to a certain regional territory, the more they escape the control of the respective national governments. The power of a government has traditionally been confined to a certain territory, for example: French laws are only binding on French territory, UK laws on UK territory, and so on. As soon as a company leaves its home territory and moves part of its production chain to, for example, a third world country, the legal framework becomes very different. Consequently, managers can no longer simply rely on the legal framework when deciding on the right or wrong of certain business practices. If, as we said earlier, business ethics largely begins where the law ends, then deterritorialization increases the demand for business ethics because deterritorialized economic activities are beyond the control of national (territorial) governments. For example, global financial markets are beyond the control of any national government, and the constant struggle of governments against issues such as child pornography on the internet shows the enormous difficulties in enforcing national laws in deterritorialized spaces.   A behavior may be perceived as ethical to one person or group but might not be perceived as ethical by another. Further complicating this dichotomy of behavior, laws may have been legislated, effectively stating the governments position, and presumably the majority opinion, on the behavior. As a result, in todays diverse business environment, one must consider that law and ethics are not necessarily the same thing. Though law often embodies ethical principles, law and ethics are far from co-extensive. The law does not prohibit many acts that would be widely condemned as unethical. And the contrary is true as well. The law also prohibits acts that some groups would perceive as ethical. For example lying or betraying the confidence of a friend is not illegal, but most people would consider it unethical. Yet, speeding is illegal, but many people do not have an ethical conflict with exceeding the speed limit. Law is more than simply codifying ethical norms. Establishing a set of ethi cal guidelines for detecting, resolving, and forestalling ethical breaches often prevents a company from getting into subsequent legal conflicts. Having demonstrated a more positive approach to the problem may also ensure that punishment for legal violations will be less severe. Some activities and beliefs may be legal, but not perceived as ethical. Marriott Corporation maintains very comprehensive ethics standards to which their employees must abide. Their Corporate Dress Code is an example. Several years ago, the orientation program at Marriott Corporate Headquarters included a presentation on what was and was not considered acceptable appearance in the company. Some requirements included: Women could not wear skirts any shorter than 4 inches above the knee. Women could show no bare leg. Either long pants or hose were required at all times. Womens shoulders could not be exposed. Mens hair could not reach their collar, except for religious reasons. Men could not wear earrings. Although these rules were part of company policy, there is nothing illegal about any one of these items. However, in the Marriott Corporate culture, each was considered unethical. Another example is the manufacturing practices of Nike, one of the largest manufacturers of athletics sportswear in the world. Nike produces the majority of its goods in South East Asia. Despite the profits of the Nike organization, its foreign workers are paid substandard wages and work long hours in appalling conditions. In 1996, the entry-level wage at one of these factories was $2.20 a day. Labour groups estimate that a liveable wage in Indonesia is about $4.25 a day. Compare this with the pay of one of Nikes celebrity promoters, Michael Jordan, who gets $20 million a year to promote Nike sneakers. Jordans compensation alone is more than the annual income of 20,000 workers who make Nike shoes. Nikes manufacturing practices are not illegal. There is nothing that says a company cannot take its manufacturing operations outside the United States. And as long as the company is meeting the minimum wage standards of the host country, there is nothing illegal about paying low wages. However, most Americans would look at these practices as unethical, especially considering the profits of Nike and their spending on celebrity promoters. Clearly, there is a relationship between law and ethics, and this relationship is important in management. Managers must evaluate not only what is legal, but what they, their employees, and society consider ethical as well. Important here is that companies must also consider what behaviours their customers will and will not accept. The news is full of stories regarding the ethical issues with which companies are being confronted, such as the practices of Nike, as outlined above. No company wants to be forced to defend itself over ethical issues involving wages, the environment, working issues, or human relations. Managers play a vital role in a companys legal and ethical performance. It is in part their responsibility to ensure that their employees are abiding by Federal, State, and Local laws, as well as any ethical codes established at the company. But most importantly, the managers must provide a positive example to their employees of proper behaviour in light of laws and ethical codes. Certainly, policies and procedures will never be developed to satisfy everyone, but the establishment of Codes of Ethics will at least provide a framework for ethical behavior, and allow customers to evaluate the type of company with whom they are doing business. With this knowledge, employees and customers must decide whether or not they are willing and able to conform to these Codes, as well as to the laws that have been enacted. Managers cannot simply limit their decisions to following the law. They must also consider the ethics of their employees and customers. 3. Accountability issues Taking a closer look at global activities, one can easily identify corporations as the dominant actors on the global stage: MNCs own the mass media which influences much of the information and entertainment we are exposed to, they supply global products, they pay peoples salaries, and they pay (directly or indirectly) much of the taxes that keep governments running. Furthermore, one could argue that MNCs are economically as powerful as many governments. For example, the GDP of Denmark is about the same as the turnover of General Motors. However, whereas the Danish government has to be accountable to the Danish people and must face elections on a regular basis, the managers of General Motors are formally accountable only to the relatively small group of people who own shares in the company. The communities in the US, Brazil, or Germany that depend directly on General Motors investment decisions however have next to no influence on the company and, unlike a regional or national governm ent, General Motors is, at least in principle, not accountable to these constituencies. What this means is that the more economic activities get deterritorialized, the less governments can control them, and the less they are open to democratic control of the affected people. Consequently, the call for direct (democratic) accountability of MNCs has become louder during the last years, evidenced for example by the anti-globalization protests that we mentioned before. Put simply, globalization leads to a growing demand for corporate accountability. The corporate community has been shocked to attention by the recent corporate governance meltdowns. The silver lining is that these scandals are resulting in better financial oversight and more focused attention on the ethics of directors, officers, auditors and others. But while promises of increased ethical conduct focus the publics attention, self-scrutiny and accountability are also essential.   Ethics is easier in concept than in application. Codes of ethics are not new. Nor are efforts to encourage ethical corporate practices. In 1991, Congress enacted the U.S. Federal Sentencing Guidelines. These guidelines had a major impact on corporate America and were an effort to positively induce companies to prevent unethical activity by providing mitigation of some punishment and reductions of fines for companies that proactively made a good faith effort to take steps to prevent unethical activity. Congress used the stick and the carrot approach to provide an incentive for companies to create or modify their ethics programsgood behavior is rewarded when companies involve themselves in crime controlling actions. Elements of an effective compliance program under the Guidelines include a code of conduct or ethics; oversight by high-level personnel; due care when delegating authority; effective training and communication; auditing and monitoring and reporting mechanisms; enforcement o f disciplinary mechanisms; and appropriate response after detection.  Five years later, a court case provided another wake-up call. In 1996, a court in Delaware held a board of directors responsible for the unethical and illegal actions of the organization and its employees. This case caught the attention of corporations and led some companies to institute compliance and reporting structures.   Of course, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has gotten the most attention recently. Sarbanes-Oxley was enacted in response to the conduct of corporations such as World Com, Enron and Arthur Andersen. While Sarbanes-Oxley largely affects only publicly traded companies, it has led to a trickledown effect. Its requirement that all publicly held corporations disclose whether or not they have a code of ethics for its Chief Financial Officers have led privately held companies and non-profit corporations to enact codes of ethics. The trend is that more companies are adopting and using codes of ethics.   There are several benefits of a formal ethics policy. As described above, there are legal benefits in the form of reduced fines and penalties. However, an ethical working environment is another important benefit. A formal ethics policy can lead to decreased job dissatisfaction, decreased pressure to violate ethical standards, improved communication, increased trust in management, greater consistency in decision-making, and fewer violations of law and regulation, just to name a few. Pragmatically, it is often true that good ethics equals good business. Consumers, employees, and vendors lose trust in companies which engage in unethical activities. Companies that promote trust, honesty, integrity, fairness and respect generally have an easier time attracting quality employees.   Less observable, a strong ethical environment can encourage conversations about ethical issues, questions, and gray areas. It can also provide a comfortable environment for employees to seek guidance and raise concerns. When given the opportunity to communicate expectations and requirements, a company can proactively influence its employees and officers to avoid unethical conduct and violations of law. A formal ethics policy reminds employees and officers what the company deems the right thing to do. IMPLEMENTING A CODE OF ETHICS Groucho Marx once said that The secret of life is honesty and fair dealing. If you can fake that, youve got it made. Ethics is a lot easier in theory, but ethical conduct cannot be faked. Implementing a code of ethics policy takes careful study, time and training. A code of ethics can apply not just to individualsboard members, officers and employeesbut also to aspects of the companys businessethical investing and pension fund management.   In adopting a code of ethics, a business must decide what type of code to adopt. Does it want a simple statement of aspirational values or does it want a complex manual that describes the companys rules and regulations and which provides detailed guidance about what conduct is not acceptable? What are the companys core values? How does the company want directors, officers and employees to reflect those values?   Codes of ethics are usually broken down into two types (or a hybrid of the two): values-based code of ethics and compliance-based code of ethics. A corporate values statement is an aspirational document which is based on underlying values or principles. It is not easy to enforce. A compliance-based code of ethics is a compliance document that emphasizes rules and written procedures, and, therefore, is easier to enforce. A hybrid consists of a statement of organizational values and how those values are to be applied. For example, because communications should reflect the ethics of the company, a code of ethics that has honesty as a core value may require that internal and external communications be truthful and respectful. The company may also require that product or service claims must be honest, straightforward and defensible. However, as with any company policy, it is important that this new code be reviewed by legal counsel before being formally incorporated into the companys poli cy.   Once the code of ethics policy is adopted, it must be communicated, enforced and effectively monitored. There is a natural reluctance to talk about ethics and values; however, a company can integrate discussions of ethics into decision-making, and encourage employees to raise ethical concerns. This can be done through training, providing whistleblower procedures, monitoring and rewards. Almost every company will have employees that made the correct decision in spite of the difficulty in doing so. Communicating these stories is one way to make ethics more meaningful. Employees should understand the companys core values and why they are core values. The company should ensure that its decision-making process factors in the companys code of ethics.   The ethics policy should also be communicated to board members and employees before they join the company; if the companys products and services and the kinds of decisions needed to be made and actions to be taken are communicated, the potential employee or board member can decide whether employment with the company is consistent with their values. CONCLUSION In conclusion we would like to depict the effect that Globalization will have on the ethical behavior and understanding of various stakeholders in a global business environment. STAKEHOLDERS ETHICAL IMPACTS OF GLOBALIZATION Shareholders Globalization provides potential for greater profitability, but also greater risks. Lack of regulation of global capital markets, leading to additional financial risks and instability. Employees Corporations outsource production to developing countries in order to reduce costs in global marketplace this provides jobs but also raises the potential for exploitation of employees through poor working conditions. Consumers Global products provide social benefits to consumers across the globe but may also meet protests about cultural imperialism and westernization. Globalization can bring cheaper prices to customers, but vulnerable consumers in developing countries may also face the possibility of exploitation by MNCs. Suppliers and Competitors Suppliers in developing countries face regulation from MNCs through supply chain management. Small scale indigenous competitors exposed to powerful global players. Civil Society (Pressure groups, NGOs, etc.) A global business activity brings the company in direct interaction to local communities with possibility for erosion of traditional community life; globally active pressure groups emerge with aim to police the corporation in countries where governments are weak and tolerant. Government and Regulation Globalization weakens governments and increases the corporate regulation for jobs, welfare, maintenance of ethical standards, etc. Globalization also confronts governments with corporations from different cultural expectations about issues such as bribery, corruption, taxation, and philanthropy.

My First and Last hike in Poly Canyon Essay -- Personal Narrative Hiki

My First and Last hike in Poly Canyon I knew it was coming. A couple weeks before, I received an introductory email from my instructor explaining the textbook we needed and providing a link to the class website. I selected the link and navigated curiously around the site, arriving at last at the class itinerary. To my horror, I saw planned on the third class day a â€Å"moderately strenuous hike over steep, rough ground.† Subsequent readings of this statement produced the same result, and so I resigned myself to impending doom. And so it was that I found myself standing on a dirt and gravel road, surrounded by equally sleepy classmates at 7:30 am, Monday morning. We all huddled within our baggy jackets, unconsciously mirroring one another in loose jeans, gray or black t-shirts and scuffed, dusty running shoes. In contrast the instructor appeared wide awake and put together, standing before us in a green sweater, pressed khaki slacks and well-worn yet well-maintained hiking boots. He perkily welcomed us to the threshold of Poly Canyon, and with other preliminary descriptions of the upcoming landscape turned and headed down the long, winding service road. Being so close to the pacific coast- a mere ten or twelve miles- a thick marine layer had rolled in during the night, and the waning summer sun had not yet mustered the heat to dispel it. We moved to the crunch and scrape of rubber sole on loose stone, passing ancient monoliths of serpentine stone that jutted from the mountain on either side. Vague silhouettes of live oaks and yucca plants loomed from the morning mist, and occasionally a hoarse crow would cry out. Above and beside us power lines carried electricity to private homes hidden down the road, occasionally... ...e distant than ever surrounded as I was by other life forms. What, I pondered, was my purpose there? Was I predator or prey, virulent or benevolent, useful or worthless? In nature, the strong and necessary survive and prosper, while the weak and redundant are mercifully removed for the good of the system. I solemnly asked myself which I was, and was relieved when like deer the answer retreated from view, filed away in the archives of my mind for future perusal. Giving Poly Canyon a final glance around, I followed their examples and left that ethereal place to meld once more with the world of Man. I did not see my instructor nor my classmates again that day, and was content to be left alone with my meditations. It was an experience I would not trade, though I will admit that I am never setting foot in Poly Canyon again; once is definitely more than enough. My First and Last hike in Poly Canyon Essay -- Personal Narrative Hiki My First and Last hike in Poly Canyon I knew it was coming. A couple weeks before, I received an introductory email from my instructor explaining the textbook we needed and providing a link to the class website. I selected the link and navigated curiously around the site, arriving at last at the class itinerary. To my horror, I saw planned on the third class day a â€Å"moderately strenuous hike over steep, rough ground.† Subsequent readings of this statement produced the same result, and so I resigned myself to impending doom. And so it was that I found myself standing on a dirt and gravel road, surrounded by equally sleepy classmates at 7:30 am, Monday morning. We all huddled within our baggy jackets, unconsciously mirroring one another in loose jeans, gray or black t-shirts and scuffed, dusty running shoes. In contrast the instructor appeared wide awake and put together, standing before us in a green sweater, pressed khaki slacks and well-worn yet well-maintained hiking boots. He perkily welcomed us to the threshold of Poly Canyon, and with other preliminary descriptions of the upcoming landscape turned and headed down the long, winding service road. Being so close to the pacific coast- a mere ten or twelve miles- a thick marine layer had rolled in during the night, and the waning summer sun had not yet mustered the heat to dispel it. We moved to the crunch and scrape of rubber sole on loose stone, passing ancient monoliths of serpentine stone that jutted from the mountain on either side. Vague silhouettes of live oaks and yucca plants loomed from the morning mist, and occasionally a hoarse crow would cry out. Above and beside us power lines carried electricity to private homes hidden down the road, occasionally... ...e distant than ever surrounded as I was by other life forms. What, I pondered, was my purpose there? Was I predator or prey, virulent or benevolent, useful or worthless? In nature, the strong and necessary survive and prosper, while the weak and redundant are mercifully removed for the good of the system. I solemnly asked myself which I was, and was relieved when like deer the answer retreated from view, filed away in the archives of my mind for future perusal. Giving Poly Canyon a final glance around, I followed their examples and left that ethereal place to meld once more with the world of Man. I did not see my instructor nor my classmates again that day, and was content to be left alone with my meditations. It was an experience I would not trade, though I will admit that I am never setting foot in Poly Canyon again; once is definitely more than enough.

Literal translation Essay

Domestication and foreignization are strategies in translation, regarding the degree to which translators make a text conform to the target culture. Domestication is the strategy of making text closely conform to the culture of the language being translated to, which may involve the loss of information from the source text. Foreignization is the strategy of retaining information from the source text, and involves deliberately breaking the conventions of the target language to preserve its meaning. [1] These strategies have been debated for hundreds of years, but the first person to formulate them in their modern sense was Lawrence Venuti, who introduced them to the field of translation studies in 1995 with his book The Translator’s Invisibility: A History of Translation. [1][2] Venuti’s innovation to the field was his view that the dichotomy between domestication and foreignization was an ideological one; he views foreignization as the ethical choice for translators to make. [1] Theory [edit] In his 1998 book The Scandals of Translation: Towards an Ethics of Difference, Venuti states that â€Å"Domestication and foreignization deal with ‘the question of how much a translation assimilates a foreign text to the translating language and culture, and how much it rather signals the differences of that text'†. According to Lawrence Venuti, every translator should look at the translation process through the prism of culture which refracts the source language cultural norms and it is the translator’s task to convey them, preserving their meaning and their foreignness, to the target-language text. Every step in the translation process—from the selection of foreign texts to the implementation of translation strategies to the editing, reviewing, and reading of translations—is mediated by the diverse cultural values that circulate in the target language. He estimates that the theory and practice of English-language translation has been dominated by submission, by fluent domestication. He strictly criticized the translators who in order to minimize the foreignness of the target text reduce the foreign cultural norms to target-language cultural values. According to Venuti, the domesticating strategy â€Å"violently† erases the cultural values and thus creates a text which as if had been written in the target language and which follows the cultural norms of the target reader. He strongly advocates the foreignization strategy, considering it to be â€Å"an ethnodeviant pressure on [target-language cultural] values to register the linguistic and cultural difference of the foreign text, sending the reader abroad. † Thus an adequate translation would be the one that would highlight the foreignness of the source text and instead of allowing the dominant target culture to assimilate the differences of the source culture, it should rather signal these differences. [3]

Biology Ecosystem an Ecosystem Essay

Biology Ecosystem an Ecosystem Essay Biology: Ecosystem an Ecosystem Essay Ecosystem An ecosystem includes all of the living things (plants, animals and organisms) in a given area, interacting with each other, and also with their non-living environments (weather, earth, sun, soil, climate, atmosphere).In an ecosystem, each organism has its’ own role to play. Usually, biotic members of an ecosystem, together with their abiotic factors depend on each other. This means the absence of one member, or one abiotic factor can affect all parties of the ecosystem. A new organism or physical factor, can distort the natural balance of the interaction and potentially harm or destroy the ecosystem. As ecosystems are defined by the network of interactions among organisms, and between organisms and their environment, they can be of any size but usually encompass specific, limited spaces. Biomes Biomes are very large areas on the earth’s surface, with animals and plants adapting to their environment. Biomes are often defined by abiotic factors such as climate, relief, geology, soils and vegetation. A biome is NOT an ecosystem. If you take a closer look, you will notice that different plants or animals in a biome have similar adaptations that make it possible for them to exist in that area. There are many major biomes on earth. Different Types of Biome:- 1. Desert:-The Sahara Desert is the world’s largest desert, located in North Africa. Very hot and dry with very little rain. 2. Tropical Forests:- Found near the equator in Central and South America, parts of Africa and Asia. Hot, humid with equatorial climate and biggest biodiversity. Almost half of the world’s species (plants and animals) live there. The trees are mostly hardwood. 3. Savannah:- Found in Central Africa (Kenya, Zambia, Tanzania), northern Australia and central South America (Venezuela and Brazil). Hot and dry, mainly grass, scrub and occasional trees. This biome has two distinct seasons - a dry season and a rainy season. During the dry season the vegetation dies and re-appears rapidly during the rainy season. 4. Mediterranean:-Found in Mediterranean Sea, near Cape Town in South Africa and Melbourne in Australia. The climate of this biome is not too hot or cold. 5. Temperate Grasslands:- Mainly found in the Puszta in Hungary, the Veldt in South Africa, the Pampas in Argentina and the Prairies in the USA. Many grass and trees with little large bushes. Climates are temperate continental with mild weather and moderate rainfall. 6. Temperate deciduous Forest:- Found usually across Europe and USA contain trees that lose their leaves. These have a temperate maritime climate, usually with mild and wet weather. 7. Coniferous: Found in Scandinavia, Russia and Canada. Have Evergreen trees, cool climate with moderate rainfall. 8. Mountain:-These areas can be very cold at night and during winter. Trees usually do not grow at higher levels. About 80 per cent of our planet's fresh water originates in the mountains. 9. Tundra:- Surrounds the North and South poles. Extremely cold climate, temperatures often reaching about -50Â °F in the winter, supporting only a few plants and animals. Tundra covers about one-fifth of the Earth's land surface. Food Chains All living things need to feed to get energy to grow, move and reproduce. But what do these living things feed on? Smaller insects feed on green plants, and bigger animals feed on smaller ones and so on. This feeding relationship in an ecosystem is called a food chain. Food

3 Sentences That Cause Confusion

3 Sentences That Cause Confusion 3 Sentences That Cause Confusion 3 Sentences That Cause Confusion By Mark Nichol In each of the following sentences, a word or phrase is an obstacle to comprehension. The discussion and revision that follows each example suggests a path to clarity. 1. Technology companies have a very different mind-set to traditional financial institutions. Comparisons structured as one is in this sentence should employ from rather than to, and note the insertion of the phrase â€Å"that of the† to indicate that the comparison is between mind-sets and not the entities that have the mind-sets: â€Å"Technology companies have a very different mind-set from that of traditional financial institutions.† 2. The agency found that contrary to its claims, World Wide Wickets failed to employ reasonable and appropriate measures to protect data. This sentence has an unclear antecedent: The pronoun its appears to refer to â€Å"the agency,† because no other entity has yet been identified, but it is a reference to the company subsequently mentioned. For clarity, use a specific proper noun (for example, â€Å"World Wide Wickets†) or a specific common noun (for example, â€Å"(the) company†) first, then a pronoun (or, in this case, use a proper noun on first reference and a common noun on second reference, bypassing the need for a pronoun at all): â€Å"The agency found that contrary to the claims of World Wide Wickets, the company failed to employ reasonable and appropriate measures to protect data.† 3. Jones faces criticism of others who oppose his policy positions, as does opponent John Smith and many others. This sentence is ambiguous- it could mean that Smith and many others face the same criticism as Jones, or the phrase â€Å"as does† could apply not to the verb faces but to the verb oppose. (In this case, the latter option applies.) To eliminate possible confusion, chose a clearer word or phrase in place of the nebulous â€Å"as does†: â€Å"Jones faces criticism of others who oppose his policy positions, including opponent John Smith and many others.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Fly, Flew, (has) FlownFlied?75 Idioms and Expressions That Include â€Å"Break†Oppose and Opposed To

Evaluation of Department of Homeland Security Management Research Paper

Evaluation of Department of Homeland Security Management - Research Paper Example It will be noted that the human capital strategic planning is in place to ensure that processes concerning human resource planning such as hiring, pay programs, and retention are undertaken through a more holistic model that provides an integration into the larger strategic plan of any organization for which it works (U.S. Executive Office of the President, 2004). Consequently, it can be said that this inclusion process ensures a more compact human resource planning program. The second component of the agency’s human resource system that can be analyzed is the rate of emphasis that the agency places on internal hiring. Hiring is a very important aspect of all human resource management roles as it sets the tone for the human resource base of an organization to be established. Consequently, the actual structures of the human resource base of an agency, including the weaknesses and strengths of the agency depend largely on the mechanisms that take place during the hiring process. As a part of the homeland security’s human resource management policy, preference is always given to internal employees from lower ranks whose competencies and experience permit for them to occupy vacant positions that exist on top of their hierarchy (U.S. Department of Homeland Security and U.S. Office of Personnel Management, 2004). This does not mean, however, that no room is created for external hiring, but that this is minimized until the time when internal placements have been exhausted. In effect, the most likely position to hire from outside the organization is in very low divisions. Finally, the agency has a locality and special rate supplements in relation to retention that is used as a major human resource planning policy to ensure the retention of a diversified workforce. With a labeling of locality and a special rate, the commonest idea that comes to mind is that this form of rates is different from the generalized rates used by all other governmental agencies a nd institutions (Schwemle, 2004). In the case of homeland security, this provision has been made to ensure a form of motivation that would guarantee that there are employees who would want to put up specialized roles and work with the agency for long, so as to be beneficiaries of the rate. Imperatively, the locality and special rate supplements in relation to retention is an internal mechanism, together with the internal hiring process to ensure that there is an absolute retention among the labor force of the agency. Implications of Human Resource Workforce The three components of human resource planning discussed above come with three major implications, which could all be summed up in a common terminology known as increased productivity. This is because the inclusion of an external agency in hiring ensures fairness and adherence to state principles, which brings about a highly credible hiring process that is devoid of all forms of biases (U.S. Office of Personnel Management, 2003b ). Once this is achieved, productivity can be guaranteed because the issue of putting square pegs in round holes will be done away with, thereby, ensuring that people are placed at positions where they can perform to their utmost best.

Is There a Correlation between Nutritional Habits and Behavior in Assignment

Is There a Correlation between Nutritional Habits and Behavior in Adolescent Girls and Advertisement - Assignment Example In the paper, the adolescent girls will be shown various food advertisements and then given assorted food during meals including the foods that were in the advertisements. The control group will consist of girls who will not be shown the experiment but will also be given food the same as the girls in the experimental group. The threat to validity is that there could be some variables that affect nutritional habits and behavior other then advertisement. However, the threat will be eliminated through the use of the control group. The findings of the experiment will be important in establishing whether there is a strong correlation between nutritional habits and behavior and advertisements. In addition, the qualitative data obtained will reveal some of the reasons for the strong correlation between nutritional habits and behavior and advertisement. Experiments make use of samples that may not reflect upon the true state of things in the population. In this experiment the findings might indicate that alcohol consumption does not affect academic performance whereas in the population the state of things might be different. In addition, it would be cumbersome to establish the level of impact of different forms of advertisement. a) Operationalize the concepts in your research question into an item or items suitable for a questionnaire. Questionnaire Item: Do you believe that food companies are sincere in their commercials about the nutritional benefits of products? b) Include some demographic measures in your questionnaire: The adolescent ages will range from the age of ten to twenty and they will be grouped into 2; one group will be from 10-15 and the other group will be from 15-20. The study will seek to establish the group whose nutritional habits and behavior are influenced by advertisement. c) Decide on a type of experimental design and explain how observations would be made. The research will follow an interpretive approach where data will be collected and analyz ed. The research will also follow and ethnographic approach where the nutritional behavior and habits of both the experiment and control group will be observed over a long period of time. d) Explain how three scientific assumptions are upheld (violated) in your example Errors in experiment are unavoidable therefore the assumption of intentional and unintentional mistake is violated. The subjects might be biased by what they expect to happen therefore the second assumption is violated. The result of the sample might be a true representation of the population therefore the third assumption is not violated. The paper will give examples of how each goal of science can be served by experimental research. The first goal of science is to investigate with the aim of validating or disapproving a theory. Experiments allow researchers to conduct studies aimed at establishing whether a theory is just a postulation or whether the theory is factual. The second goal of science is the discovery of new concepts and ideas that help in understanding of our world better. It is through experiments that scientists have been able to stumble upon new ideas and concepts. The third goal of science is that it should be able to support a claim through evidence. The results of a research act as evidence.